1. MAIN IDEA
Cells are the basic “building blocks” of all living things.

2. The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.
Many scientists and nonscientists, over hundreds of years have contributed to our present day understanding of cell structure and function.

3. The invention of the microscope in the 1600’s provided the opportunity to make detailed observations of cell structures and activities.

4. Robert Hooke 1665
Observed holes in cork under microsocope.
Coined the term “cells”
Empty spaces were actually where living cells were before dying – he just saw cell walls

5. Anton von Leeuwonhoek (just call me Tony)
* Dutch lens maker
* First to observe and describe
single-celled microorganisms
Ex. bacteria and protists
* Called them animalcules and
cavorting beasties

6. Robert Brown
Robby Bobby said – “That dark structure found inside many cells should be named the Nucleus”

7. Theodore Schleiden
Ted said -
“All plants are made of cells”

8. Matthias Schwann
Matt knew where it was at when he declared “ALL animals (like swans) are made of cells”

9. Rudolf Virchow
Rejected the concept of spontaneous generation, which held that organisms could arise from nonliving matter spontaneously. Rudy’s Rule: “All cells are made by other cells”

10. Theory –
An explanation for a wide body of evidence gathered over time through observation and experimentation.
A theory ties lots of findings together and tries to provide a unifying explanation.

11. The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.
Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.
More was learned about cells as microscopes improved.
The cell theory is a unifying concept of biology.

12. 3 Principles of the Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made of cells.

13. 3 Principles of the Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. All cells are made by other living cells

14. 3 Principles of the Cell Theory
1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. All cells are made by other living cells
3. Cells are the “building blocks” of all life .

15. There are thousands of different types of cells that make up living organisms.

16. Two categories of cells based on their internal structure.
1. Prokaryotic Cells
DO NOT have a nucleus or organelles surrounded by membranes
2. Eukaryotic Cells
DO have a nucleus and membrane surrounded organelles

17. Two major cell types: Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
nucleus
cell membrane

18. Two major cell types: Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells have
membrane-bound organelles.
nucleus
organelles
cell membrane

19. Two major cell types: Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells do not
have a nucleus.
nucleus
organelles
cell membrane

20. Two major cell types: Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.
nucleus
organelles
cell membrane
cytoplasm

21. Fossil Evidence of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
Photosynthetic marine bacteria 3.5 Billion Years Ago
Evolved 1.5 billion yrs ago First ones were unicellular Later cells became multicellular

22. Organisms are made of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes are organisms made of Prokaryotic cells
Only Bacteria are Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes are organisms made of Eukaryotic cells
Organisms include:
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals

23. All cells do share some characteristics
Cells come in many different shapes and carry out many different jobs. However they all share some features.
All cells do share some characteristics
Most cells are microscopic.
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

24. All cells share some characteristics
Most cells are microscopic
All cells are separated from their environment by a plasma membrane
cell membrane
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

25. All cells share some characteristics
Most cells are microscopic
All cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane
All cells are filled with gel like fluid called cytoplasm
cell membrane
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
cytoplasm

26. All cells share some characteristics
Most cells are microscopic
All cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane
All cells are filled with cytoplasm
All cells contain DNA
cell membrane
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
cytoplasm

28. Endosymbiotic Theory Developed in the 1970’s
Endosymbiosis- a relationship in which one organism lives within the body of another and both benefit from relationship.
Early mitochondria and chloroplasts were once simple prokaryotic cells that were taken up by larger prokaryotes around 1.5 bya. Some of the smaller prokaryotes may have survived inside the larger ones. Survival advantage-Both structures helped the larger cell get energy.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA & ribosomes, can copy themselves

29. Endosymbiosis

30. Helpful Animations and Videos
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells: Comparison and Contrast

31. Parts of a Prokaryotic Cell

32. Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
Membrane surrounded organelles
Larger
Single or Multicellular
Found in protists, fungi, plant and animals
Linear DNA
Ribosomes (protein factories)
No Nucleus No membrane surrounded organelles Smaller Single celled/ Unicellular Found in bacteria, archaea Circular DNA Ribosomes – not surrounded by a membrane