1. The Bureaucracy
Chapter 15

2. Guess the President He was born in 1831
Fatherless at two, he later drove canal boat teams, somehow earning enough money for an education.
elected to the Ohio Senate in 1859 as a Republican
On July 2, 1881, in a Washington railroad station, an embittered attorney who had sought a consular post shot the President.
For a few days he seemed to be recuperating, but on September 19, 1881, he died from an infection and internal hemorrhage.

3. James Garfield Presidential years March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881
November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881

4. The President’s Cabinet: Important Facts
Cabinet secretaries advise the President
There are 15 cabinet
departments
today
Cabinet not specifically
included in constitution
Cabinet
Cabinet based upon tradition and secretaries serve at the pleasure of the President
Only Congress
can create executive departments
Secretaries appointed by President & confirmed by the Senate

5. Bureaucracy
The many people who staff the federal agencies and offices that manage the federal government.
The President is the chief administrator of the federal government.

6. The Name Game
The name department is reserved for agencies of the Cabinet rank.
Common titles include agency, administration, commission, corporation, and authority.

7. The Executive Office of the President (EOP) – White House
Established by FDR in to help the President carry out his/her duties as chief executive
                         
                         
                         
Turn to page Grown from 50 people under FDR to almost 600 under Nixon and 400 under Clinton
OMB prepares the budget for the fiscal year.
National Security Council (NSC) – advise President and help coordinate military and foreign policy.
National Economic Council (NEC) – Help President in his role as chief economic planner. Assesses the haelth of the economy, predicts future economic conditions and advises.

8. The Executive Office of the President (EOP) – White House
Appointed without Senate approval.
Members include White House staff, chief of staff, press secretary etc.
Turn to page Grown from 50 people under FDR to almost 600 under Nixon and 400 under Clinton
OMB prepares the budget for the fiscal year.
National Security Council (NSC) – advise President and help coordinate military and foreign policy.
National Economic Council (NEC) – Help President in his role as chief economic planner. Assesses the haelth of the economy, predicts future economic conditions and advises.

9. The Executive Office of the President (EOP)
The largest agency is the Office of Management & Budget (OMB). It also includes the National Security Council (NSC) – advise on domestic, foreign & military aspects of the nation’s security, and the Council of Economic Advisors.
                         
Turn to page Grown from 50 people under FDR to almost 600 under Nixon and 400 under Clinton
OMB prepares the budget for the fiscal year.
National Security Council (NSC) – advise President and help coordinate military and foreign policy.
National Economic Council (NEC) – Help President in his role as chief economic planner. Assesses the haelth of the economy, predicts future economic conditions and advises.

10. The Cabinet The Cabinet has 15 Departments
Each department is headed by a secretary except the Department of Justice, which is led by the Attorney General
Department leaders advise the President and head an agency
President Thanks Attorney General Gonzales at Swearing-In Ceremony

11. The Cabinet
Departments are created by Congress and Cabinet members are appointed by the President with the approval of Senate
The role played by the Cabinet is dependent upon the President’s use- some value
them, others think
they are a waste
of time.
First women cabinet member was appointed in 1933 as Secretary of Labor.

12. The Cabinet
Choosing a Cabinet member is based on political party affiliation, role in the presidential campaign, qualifications & experience
The first executive department was the Department of State.
                         
Turn to page Grown from 50 people under FDR to almost 600 under Nixon and 400 under Clinton
OMB prepares the budget for the fiscal year.
National Security Council (NSC) – advise President and help coordinate military and foreign policy.
National Economic Council (NEC) – Help President in his role as chief economic planner. Assesses the haelth of the economy, predicts future economic conditions and advises.

13. Independent Agencies
There are about 150 of them. They are not part of the cabinet. Congress created them for three reasons:
1)they don’t fit well within executive department
2)they are protected from party politics
3)serve as watchdogs over other parts of the government
Example OPM (office of personnel management) hire nearly all employees for federal agencies
Federal Election Committee needed to be free from party politics

14. Independent Agencies
Independent regulatory commissions-there are 10 – makes regulations to protect the public interest
Government Corporations which provides services the private sector is unwilling or unable to undertake – like the Post Office & Bank of US
Independent regulatory commission – protect the welfare of the country. SEC, Federal Trade Commission, National Labor Relations Board – unfair labor practices. Police various aspects of the economy.
Gov Corporation – Post Office is the largest
Indep Executive – CIA, NASA, National Science Foundation

15. Independent Agencies
3. Independent Executive agencies – agencies which oversee a single area within the executive branch. NSF, EPA, Peace Corps, National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)
Independent regulatory commission – protect the welfare of the country. SEC, Federal Trade Commission, National Labor Relations Board – unfair labor practices. Police various aspects of the economy.
Gov Corporation – Post Office is the largest
Indep Executive – CIA, NASA, National Science Foundation

16. Independent Agencies
4. Quasi-legislative & quasi-judicial organizations which have certain powers, given by Congress, to make laws & rule on conflict
Independent regulatory commission – protect the welfare of the country. SEC, Federal Trade Commission, National Labor Relations Board – unfair labor practices. Police various aspects of the economy.
Gov Corporation – Post Office is the largest
Indep Executive – CIA, NASA, National Science Foundation

17. Civil Service Video on his death
It was created because a frustrated office seeker of assassination President Garfield .
Its goal is to try and recruit the best available in the
federal work force.
Knowing the right person for the job. Political favors by giving them a job.
Hatch Act 1993 – changed and allowed employees to hold party positions and involve themselves in party fund-raising and campaigning.

18. Civil Service
Before civil service was created, government jobs were given out by patronage, through the “spoils system.”
Pendleton Act 1883 – laid the foundation and created the Civil Service which did away with the “Spoils System.”
Knowing the right person for the job. Political favors by giving them a job.
Hatch Act 1993 – changed and allowed employees to hold party positions and involve themselves in party fund-raising and campaigning.

19. Political Activities
Several laws and a number of OPM regulations place restrictions on the political activities of federal civil servants:
Hatch Act of 1939 allows federal workers to vote in elections, but forbids them from taking part in partisan political activities.
Knowing the right person for the job. Political favors by giving them a job.
Hatch Act 1993 – changed and allowed employees to hold party positions and involve themselves in party fund-raising and campaigning.

20. Political Activities
Political Activities Act of 1993 relaxed many of the restrictions of the Hatch Act but still forbids federal workers from:
running in partisan elections
engaging in party work on government property or while on the job;
using a government position to influence an election.
strike

21. How to Read an Editorial Cartoon
Editorial cartoons are exactly what the name implies. They are the opinion the artist express in the cartoon form. Like the author of an editorial, the artist hopes to influence the reader. Editorial cartoons express opinions about very specific events in the real word. An interesting thing about political cartoons is that they are about problems, but do not offer solutions to the problems they address. The political cartoonist uses many tools to express his opinion and to persuade the reader. Understanding the techniques of the artist will help you “read” the cartoon. Tools of the editorial cartoonist are listed below:
Caricature – to exaggerate or distort a person’s prominent features.
Exaggeration and distortion – an event can be exaggerated or the relative size of two things can be distorted.
Stereotype- an oversimplified image of a group. Stereotypes help the reader identify quickly the meaning of a cartoon.
Symbols- an object that stands for something else.
Satire – pointing out a mistake or wrong and making fun of it.
Irony – the real meaning is the opposite of what the words actually say.
Labels – written words
 Use the following format for analyzing cartoons:
Date
Topic of the cartoon
Tools used by the artist and how the tools were used
Artist opinion in one sentence
Your opinion
is a great website for political cartoons.

23. Date: 4/04/16
Topic: I voted
Tools used by the artist: symbols (devil to represent evil)
Artist opinion in one sentence: Voter are not supporting either candidate just the least damaging one
Your opinion: American’s are not really excited about any of the candidates they are just voting against the one they don’t want in office instead of voting for someone they really want to support.

24. Date: 9/23/10
Topic: Senator O’Donnell’s method of transportation
Tools used by the artist: symbols (broom for car)
Artist opinion in one sentence: Christine O’Donnell is going to ride a broom to work since she is a witch.
Your opinion: A candidate running for the Delaware Senate seat is really a witch even thought her commercial denies it.