1. American Red Cross
First Aid

2. Standard 16
Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Emergency Medicine, incorporating rubrics from the American Heart Association or American Red Cross for the following:
a. Basic First Aid care of bleeding and wounds
b. Basic First Aid care for burns
c. Basic First aid for bone and joint injuries

3. Introduction – Before Giving Care
Lesson One
Introduction – Before Giving Care

4. Using Senses to Recognize Emergencies
Unusual sights
Blood
Smoke or fire
Broken items
People milling around

5. Unusual Appearances or Behaviors
One who is noticeably uncomfortable
One who is clutches his / her chest or throat
One who is unconscious
One who appears to be confused or drowsy for unknown reasons
One who has trouble breathing

6. Unusual Odors Unusual odors of the person’s breath Gasoline
Natural gas
Smoke
An unrecognizable smell

7. Unusual Noises Screaming Sudden silence for infants or children
An explosion
Items falling
Tires screeching
Metal Crashing
Changes in machinery sounds (e.g., pitch, tone)
Breaking Glass

8. Good Samaritan Laws
Enacted to protect people who voluntarily give emergency care, without accepting anything in return.
Laws protect you as long as you –
Act in good faith
Are not negligent
Act within the scope of your training

9. Obtaining Consent You MUST obtain permission to help
If one refuses care, call 911
If unconscious, confused or seriously ill & not able to grant consent, the consent is implied.

10. Obtaining Consent If a minor, get consent from parent or guardian ASAP
Implied consent for a child means the parent or guardian would agree for care to be given

11. Emergency Action Steps
Key Points:
Follow the emergency action steps:
CHECK
CALL
CARE
Check the scene for safety
Check the person for life-threatening conditions
Call 911
Care for the ill or injured person

12. If alone, call first or care first
Cardiac emergencies
Unconscious adult
Witnessed sudden collapse of infant or child
Unconscious infant or child with known heart problems
Care first:
Breathing emergencies
2 minutes of care then call 911
Unwitnessed collapse of someone under 12 yrs of age
Any victim of drowning
CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

13. Checking an Ill or Injured Person

14. Life Threatening Injuries/Illness
Unconsciousness
Not breathing or having trouble breathing
Choking
Persistent chest pain
No signs of life (normal breathing or movement)
Severe bleeding
Shock
Seizures (that recur, last more than 5 min.)

15. Checking a Conscious Adult
Key Points
Adult: over 12 years of age
After checking the scene for safety, check the adult
Obtain consent to give care
Head to toe examination
Care based on conditions found
Take steps to minimize shock
CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO- ADULT
CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO- CHILD

16. Signs of Shock Restlessness or irritability
Altered level of consciousness
Nausea or Vomiting
Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin
Rapid breathing and pulse
Excessive thirst
CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

17. Care of Shock Call 911 Have the person lie down
Control any external bleeding
Elevate the person’s legs 12 inches (unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries)
Cover with 1 blanket
DO NOT give anything to eat or drink
Reassure the person
Monitor airway, breathing, and circulation

18. Checking an Unconscious Adult
Check the scene for safety
Check the person for life-threatening conditions
Remember the ABC’s
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

19. Airway Breathing Circulation Open airway Look, listen, feel
Two breaths
Circulation
Check for pulse
Carotid pulse (neck) adult
Brachial pulse (mid-arm) infant

20. ASTHMA

21. Asthma Triggers Dust,smoke, air pollution Fear / anxiety Exercise
Allergies
Colds
Infections

22. Signals of Asthma CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO Coughing / wheezing
Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
Sweating
Tightness in the chest
Inability to talk without stopping for breath
Feeling of fear or confusion
CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO

23. Care of person with asthma
Remain calm
Reassure victim
Assist with use of inhaler
Call 911 if appropriate

24. ANAPHYLAXIS

25. Anaphylaxis
Triggers
Foods
Latex
Medications
Insect Bites/Stings

26. Signals of Anaphylaxis
Red Rash (hives, welts, itchy)
Swollen throat/ areas of the body
Wheezing
Chest Tightness
Trouble Breathing/Swallowing
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Stomach Cramping
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27. STROKE

28. Hemorrhagic Stroke Less Common (15%) More Deadly (40%)
Blood spills into or around the brain and creates swelling and pressure, damaging cells and tissue in the brain
Two types:
Intracerebral- blood vessel bursts and leaks into the brain
Subarachnoid- bleeding in the area between the brain and the tissue covering the brain, known as the subarachnoid space (aneurysm)

29. Ischemic Stroke Most common (87%)
Blood vessel carrying blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot
Blood can no longer reach the brain
High blood pressure most common risk factor
Two types:
Embolic-a blood clot or plaque fragment forms somewhere in the body (usually the heart) and travels to the brain
Thrombotic-a blood clot that forms inside one of the arteries supplying blood to the brain

30. CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO- FAST
FAST Check for Stroke
CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO- FAST