1. MINISCAN IR VISION Top Performer in Portable Fuel Analysis
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

2. Agenda MINISCAN IR Vision Principle Measurement
Concentration Measurement
Property Prediction
IR Vision Technical Specs and Features
Adulteration Detection
Applications
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

3. MINISCAN IR VISION Principle
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

4. Technical Background Spectroscopy RECAP Lambert Beer
Scanning Techniques
FTIR Principle on IR Vision
Methods
Direct
K-Matrix
Chemometrics / PLS
Recap of the IRX/IRV spectroscopy, terminology etc.
FOCUS on IR
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

5. Spectroscopy - BASICS Lambert-Beer‘s Law: 𝐼 0 𝐼 1 𝑑 ln 𝐼 = 0 𝑙 𝛼∙𝑐∙𝑑𝑥
Transmission (%): 𝑇= 𝐼 1 𝐼 0 = 10 −𝐴
Each electronic transition in a molecule absorbs radiation of a distinct energy!
Absorbance: 𝐴=−𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐼 1 𝐼 0 =𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐼 0 𝐼 1 =−𝜀∙𝑐∙𝑙
e = extinction coefficient (α/ln10), c = concentration of sample, l = path length
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

6. Scanning Techniques Prisms (UV/VIS) Filters Grating FTIR
How to get Absorbance vs Energy (Energy Dispersion)
Prisms (UV/VIS)
Filters
Grating
FTIR
Quantum Cascade Lasers
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

7. FTIR Principle of IR Vision
300 35 I 1
IR Source
~1000°C
Sample cells
Reference
fixed
mirror
collimating
Scanning
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

8. FTIR Principle of IR Vision
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

9. FTIR Principle of IR Vision
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

10. FTIR Principle of IR Vision
1. Reference Measurement
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

11. FTIR Principle of IR Vision
2. Standard Measurement
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

12. FTIR Principle of IR Vision
3. Low Abundant Meas.
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

13. MINISCAN IR VISION Measurement
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

14. IR Vision Measuring Methods
In the IR VISION a method is some piece of algorithm that gets some result out of the raw data (i.e. the IR spectrum) or some pre-processed data. The instrument differentiates between different types of methods:
Method
Corresponding Parameters
Corresponding Calibration Procedure
Direct
FAME, EHN, ….
A defined component peak or peak area
K-Matrix
Benzene, Ethanol, …
Base spectrum of the component in a typical matrix
Arithmetic
AKI (RON+MON/2), …
Calculated from results of other parameters
PLS (Prediction)
RON, MON, T50, …
Fuel groups and trained PLS vectors
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

15. Direct Method S IR Spectrum Height over base line Area of peak Abs
[cm-1]
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

16. K-Matrix
Sum of individual spectra (ETBE, Ethanol, Benzene etc.) fit into sample spectra
Abs
IR Spectrum S
[cm-1]
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

17. Chemometrics (PLS) S PLS Model IR Spectrum RON
Multivariate Quantitative Analysis 
Abs S
IR Spectrum S
[cm-1]
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

18. Chemometrics PLS Model
Correlate to the RON with peak height of an unknown sample
RON S
PLS Model
92,5
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

19. Some Parameters Determined w/ PLS
Research Octane Number (RON)
Motor Octane Number (MON)
Distillation properties:
IBP, T10%, T50%, T90%, FBP, E200°C, E300°C
Driveability Index
Vapor Pressure
Flash Point
Smoke Point
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

20. MINISCAN IR VISION Top Performer in Portable Fuel Analysis
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

21. MINISCAN IR Vision Completely portable high speed FTIR spectrometer
Models for Gasoline, Diesel, Jet
Preconfigured for fully automatic analysis of >100 fuel parameters
2+1 Cell design, laser regulated
Resolution: 3.8 cm-1
Temperature regulated for optimum measurement stability
Built-in Density Meter
Results within minutes
International Standards & Practices
ASTM D5845, D6277, D7777, D7806, E1655, EN238, EN14078
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

22. MINISCAN IR Vision Models
Gasoline (Model IRG-Vision) Gasoline Parameters
Diesel (Model IRD-Vision) Diesel Parameters
PRO (Model IRP-Vision) Gasoline Parameters Diesel Parameters Jet Fuel Parameters
 Upgrade from dedicated to professional model possible!
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

23. IR Vision: Key Improvements
INTERFACE
10“ high resolution, capacitive touch screen
10 times faster response
Home button
Call home – remote SUPPORT
Update via TCP/IP/Internet (add to USB)
BACKUP via Network (service only)
Massive MORE MEMORY for measurements
1/3rd better signal to noise ratio (better signal control)
Full COMPATIBILITY of same DB Tool for IRX/V V1.12/V2.0
Fuel Group Data (Correlation Calibration)
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

24. Quality Focus
Filling: Robust, piston based filling system, temperature regulated
Lubrication: Central Lubrication System
Filter: Cleanable, reuseable
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

25. Technology Focus
Temperature regulation (thermoelectric) of filler, cell and density meter
Mirror alignment: self aligning, automatically adjustable
Beam splitter: Real Ge-coated KBr, better transmission
Resolution: 3.8 cm-1, ~20% better than competition
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

26. Technology Focus ADC Converter: 24 bit ADC
Database: Relational; every parameter can be trained with specific sample groups, independent of other parameters
PLS method
Complete spectrum evaluated rather than specific “peaks”
Invariant to peak shifts
Flexibility: New peaks (of e.g. additives) readily incorporated in method
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

27. Feature Focus Touchscreen: Biggest, 10“
Convenience: Network connection, Upgrades
Software: Dedicated software for programming new methods and DB merge
Spectral distance: Capable to calculate spectral distance between multiple spectra directly on the results screen
Backup: Full backup via USB, network or internet
Cells: 3 cells (2 + one reference)
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

28. Better Signal Use of KBr Beam Splitter Pyrosensor Temperature control
Transmission
KBr
ZnSe
Range
40,000 – 400 cm-1
20,000 – 450 cm-1
1mm
97.5%
65.0%
2mm
95.1%
42.3%
Better Signal
Use of KBr Beam Splitter
Pyrosensor
Optimized electronics
Advanced noise filter algorithms
Temperature control
Hot IR lamp
Cool sensor
Stable sample temp.
cm-1
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

29. Comparison: IR VISION vs. IRXpert
Instrument Performance
Fast processor for improved calculation speed of results and method training
„All method“ training within min.
Outdated.
„All method“ training: 1-2h
Remote access
and „Call Home“ functionality
Data Transfer (FTP) Remote support via VPN. Access. Anywhere. Anytime.
Limited possibility.
CE Certificate
Compliant to latest and strictest standards, individually EN tested
Standard CE tests
Touchscreen
10“ 8“
Results Database
results
results
S/N ratio
Improved (30% better S/N ratio) -
Housing
Robust, durability proven and tested Vision platform design
Xpert GF plastic front
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

30. Comparison: IR VISION vs. IRXpert
Ease of use
Very much improved through speed and TS performance -
Maintenance / Serviceability
(Optional accessory)
Fast spectrometer evacuation and flushing w/ vacuum pump in case of CO2 warning; offer to service analyzer 1x per year
Not available
PC Software
PC tool for DB optimisation and method development; customer support tool
Available
CARE Packages
and Ticketing
Comprehensive support package for remote support, training and backup
Priority service directly by Grabner Instruments
Remote DB optimization
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

31. VISION differentiators
Highest Precision
Full spectrum PLS analysis using superior processing power
Optical Resolution of 3.8cm-1
Improved S/N ratio
Ge-coated KBr beam splitter
Thermoelectric regulation of filling, density and IR cell temperature
Widest application range
2+1 wedged cell design with different pathlengths for different applications
Simple & Flexible
10” fast responding touch screen
Large buttons, self explaining
Menu Navigation same as on IRXpert
Robustness and Durability
Self aligning mirror system
Vision housing tested for durability and robustness (e.g. 10g shock tests)
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

32. VISION differentiators
PC Software for PLS optimization
Data visualization and fuel data base creation
Combination or segregation of fuel databases
Statistical tools: PLS, principal component analysis, cluster analysis
State of the art electronics
Industry proven 10” Touchscreen
Intel® PC
24 bit ADC
Best in Class Engineering
Bubble free, full-metal filling system
Allows widest real physical V/L range
Latest CE standards
Downwards compatible to the MINISCAN IRXpert
Includes all measuring methods and fuel groups of the IRXpert
Total connectivity
Access. Anywhere. Anytime. Through unique Server-Client Architecture
FTP Access for LIMS
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

33. Adulteration Detection A multi-indicator approach
MINISCAN IR Vision
Adulteration Detection
A multi-indicator approach
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

34. Measureable effects of adulteration
If Diesel or Kerosene is mixed into Gasoline, the …
… Gasoline Density is increased
Motor gasoline: – 0.79 g/cm3
Kerosene: – 0.84 g/cm3
Diesel: – 0.92 g/cm3
… Gasoline Octane rating is decreased
If Diesel or Kerosene is mixed into Gasoline, the …
… Gasoline Volatility is decreased:
Vapor pressure is reduced
Distillation curve is steeper
Distillation
Sample
MON
RON
d(MON)
d(RON)
Base Petrol
83.6
95.7 -
+5% vol Kerosene
82.5
94.0
0.9
1.7
+10% vol Kerosene
81.2
91.8
2.4
3.9
86.5
96.6
+5% vol Diesel
86.0
95.8
0.5
0.8
+10% vol Diesel
84.4
93.7
2.1
2.9 VP
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

35. Measureable effects of adulteration
If Kerosene is mixed into Gasoline, the …
… Aromatics and Olefins content decreases
… TAME and Benzene content usually decreases
… Naphthalenes and Paraffins increased
This results from the different composition of Gasoline and Jet
Other possible indicators for adulteration can be that e.g. the Ethanol content in Gasoline or the FAME content in Diesel does not conform to specifications.
Ethanol content in Gasoline is reduced in adulterated samples
Example: Govermental requirements require that fuel producers add 10% Ethanol to their gasoline. A test on an adulterated sample may show only 7% Ethanol content.
FAME content in Diesel is reduced in adulterated samples
Example: Austria mandates to add 7% FAME to Diesel. A test on Diesel contaminated with Jet Fuel revealed that the sample contained only 5% FAME.
Composition by chemical family (%vol)
Fuels
Paraff.
Napht.
Olefins
Aromat.
Gasoline
40 – 65
0 – 5
0 – 20
15 – 45
Kerosene
50 – 65
20 – 30
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

36. Optical Aduleration Detection
When adulterants are mixed into gasoline the absorption bands can combine in three different ways:
Clearly isolated bands result in isolated bands again
Bands close to each other result in bands with shoulders
Bands at the same wavenumber result in one combined band (detection of adulterant hardly possible)
Isolated Bands Band with Shoulder One Combined Band
800
Wavenumber [cm-1]
1200
1300
800
Wavenumber [cm-1]
1200
1300
800
Wavenumber [cm-1]
1200
1300

37. Optical Detection Examples
The following two charts show a band and a shoulder as they may occur in real gasoline samples.
Band: sec-Butylacetate
Shoulder: o-Methylaniline
1621
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
1550
1570
Wavenumber [cm-1]
1670
1690
1744
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,06
0,07
0,08
0,09
1650
1770
1790
sec –Butylacetate band
o-Methylaniline shoulder

38. Optical Detection Examples
Gasoline (magenta) adulterated with sec-Butylacetate (orange)
Step 1:
Examine spectrum if any bands or shoulders occur at the indicated wavenumbers.
Result 1:
Band found at , shoulder found at The gasoline is adulterated with sec-Butylacetate.

39. Optical Detection Examples
Gasoline (green) adulterated with o-Methylaniline (magenta)
Step 1:
Examine spectrum if any bands or shoulders occur at the indicated wavenumbers.
Result 1:
Shoulders found at and The shoulder at is vague. The adulterant o-Methylaniline may be present but the result is uncertain.
[Optional] Step 2:
Examine spectrum if any bands or shoulders occur at wavenumbers not indicated but present in the assumed adulterant o-Methylaniline.
[Optional] Result 2:
Band found at Shoulder found at The adulterant o-Methylaniline probably is present .

40. All in one analyzer
All of this adulteration investigation can be performed with the MINISCAN IR Vision!
Parameter
Measured by the IR Vision
Density
0 – 3 g/cm3
Octane Number (RON)
80 – 110
Cetane Number
20 – 80
Vapor Pressure
40 – 105 kPa
Distillation Properties
IBP, T10, T50, T90, etc.
Total Aromatics
0 – 80 m%
Olefins
TAME
0 – 20 m%
Benzene
0 – 10 m%
Naphtalene
Ethanol
0 – 40 m%
FAME
0 – 40 v%
Aniline, etc.
0 – 5 m%
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

41. Fuel Analysis Industries and Users
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

42. Fuel Analysis – Industries
Refineries
Biofuels
Terminals
Pipeline Operators
Transportation and Storage Facilities
Gas Station Chains
Car Manufactures
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

43. Fuel Analysis – Industries
Independent Quality Control Laboratories
Environmental Protection Organisations
Construction & Mining
Universities
Governmental Authorities
Military sector:
Army, Navy, Air force
Racing Organisations
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

44. Fuel Analyzer Customers Automotive
AA Ireland
Bentley Motors
Daimler AG
Dongfeng-Honda
Ferrari S.p.A.
FIAT AUTO ARGENTINA
Hyundai Motor Company
PANTA
Polaris
Shanghai General Motors Co., Ltd
Volkswagen AG
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

45. Fuel Analyzer Customers Inspection Lab
Bonner Analytical Testing
Inspectorate International Ltd.
SGS
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

46. Fuel Analyzer Customers Pipeline / Terminal, Shipping
Ahmad Yar Group
Caljet of America, LLC
Energex, Monterrey
EP Petroecuador Terminal Pascuales
Kinder Morgan
Pemex Maritime Terminals
Rael Kitz Corporation (Centrum Fuel)
Rubis Terminal
TLP PARAGUAY
Urumqi Wanji Oil Deposit
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

47. Fuel Analyzer Customers Refinery (I)
Bashneft
BPCL
CHEVRON CORPORATION
Galnaftogaz
HMEL (Hindustan Mittal Energy Ltd.)
Lantmännen Aspen Petroleum
Ningbo Zhongjin Petroleum Plant
Pemex
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

48. Fuel Analyzer Customers Refinery (II)
PetroChina retail sales company
Petrojam Limited Refinery
Petron Corporation
Phoenix Petroleum
Shell Philippines
Sinochem Quanzhou Petrochemical Co.,LTD
Sinopec
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

49. Fuel Analyzer Customers Refinery (III)
SOCAR
Sonara
Topaz Energy Limited
Unioil Petroleum
VIVO Energy
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

50. Fuel Analyzer Customers Research
Changshu Institute of Technology
HBTI (Harcourt Butler Technological Institute)
Jilin Saifu Scientific Company
Kunming Scientific and Technical University
Nelson Mandela Metropolitain
University (NMMU)
Petroleum Institute
Tallinn Technical University, Virumaa College
Virumaa College of TUT
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

51. Fuel Analyzer Customers Government & Military (I)
China Navy Oil Research Insitute
Department of Energy
Direccion Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH)
Ghana Standards Authority
INTN
Ministry of Energy MOE (Thailand)
Ministry of Petroleum MOP - Gambia
Ministry Of Natural Resources - Iraq
Ministry of Science - Laos
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

52. Fuel Analyzer Customers Government & Military (II)
Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity
Research development and Evaluation Center of National mobile laboratory
SASO (Saudi Standards, Metrology
and Quality Organization)
Société Nationale de Raffinage
US Embassy Kabul
US Embassy Iraq
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE

53. THANK YOU! www.grabner-instruments.com www.ametek.com
Dr. Oliver SAUER
Director of Marketing & Sales
CLEAR VISION SOUND STRATEGIES SOLID PERFORMANCE