1. Statistics In Research
Introducing Critical Issues in Statistics

2. Scientific Process Theory Draw Conclusions Hypothesis Apply Method
Analyze the data
Apply Method

3. Illusionary Correlation
A belief that two things systematically co-occur when they, in fact, do not

4. Data Reduction/Summary
Descriptive Statistics
Calculations that summarize and simplify the data
Central Tendency
Variability

5. Central Tendency A single score that defines the center of the scores
Mean (M)
Median
Mode

6. Measures of Dispersion/Variability
Range
Largest Number – Smallest Number
Standard Deviation (SD)
Average deviation from the mean
Mean
Scores 4 1 6 5

7. Confirm What Data Reveals
Inferential Statistics
Mathematical techniques used to compute the probability of finding these results by chance (based on a ratio)

8. Inferential StatisticsB
Test Statistic = DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUPS DIFFERENCE WITHIN GROUPS

9. The Significance of Being Statistically Significant
Statistical Significance vs. Practical Significance

10. There was a statistically significant difference in happiness between participants who listened to happy music (M = 3.62, SD = 0.47) and participants who listened to sad music (M = 3.09, SD = 0.32), t(28) = 5.13, p < .001.