1. A “Quick-Start” into the UNIX Operating System
Chapter 0
A “Quick-Start” into the UNIX Operating System

2. Objectives
To introduce the UNIX Text User Interface and show the generic structure of UNIX commands
To describe how to connect and log on to a computer running UNIX operating system
To explain how to manage and maintain files and directories
To show where to get online help for UNIX commands
To demonstrate the use of a beginner’s set of utility commands
To cover the basic commands and operators
alias, biff, cal, cat, cd, cp, exit, hostname, login, lp, lpr, ls, ma, mesg, mkdir, more, mv, passwd, pg, pwd, rm, rmdir, talk, telnet, unalias, uname, whatis, whereis, who, whoami, write
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3. Structure of a UNIX command
$ command [ [ - ] option (s) ] [ option argument (s) ] [ command argument (s) ]
Examples:
$ ls
$ ls -la
$ ls -la m*
$ lpr -Pspr -n 3 proposal.ps
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4. Logging On and Logging Off
General Categories
Local Area Network (LAN) Connection.
Internet Connection.
Stand-Alone Connection.
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5. 1. Connecting via a UNIX Terminal
login: your_username <Enter>
password: your_password <Enter>
NOTICE: 1. This machine is rebooted at 4: am daily.
2. Please keep accounts below MB. (du)
3. Limit TOTAL modem connect times to ONE hour from the hours of 5:00 PM to midnight.
You have new mail.
DISPLAY = (upsun17.egr.up.edu:0.0) <Enter>
TERM = (FreeBSD) <Enter>
Upibm7.egr.up.edu:~ 1$
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6. 2. Connecting via PuTTY on a Microsoft Windows Machine
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8. 3. Connecting via a Telnet Client on a Microsoft Windows Machine.
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10. File Maintenance Commands and Help on UNIX Command Usage
What is File Maintenance?
File and Directory Structure
Home Directory
Current Working Directory
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12. File Maintenance Commands and Help on UNIX Command Usage (Contd)
Viewing the Contents of Files
cat, more
$ cat > myfile
This is an example of how to use the cat command to add plain text to a file
<Ctrl-D>
$ more myfile $
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13. File Maintenance Commands and Help on UNIX Command Usage (Contd)
Creating, Deleting and Managing Files
cp, mv, rm, ls
$ cp myfile myfile2
$ mv myfile2 renamed_file
$ mv “latest revisions october.txt” laterevs.txt
$ rm renamed_file
$ ls
Desktop
Mail
XF86Config.new
kdeinit.core
order.asp.html
order.asp_files
myfile myfile2
$ ls –al
... $
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14. File Maintenance Commands and Help on UNIX Command Usage (Contd)
Creating, Deleting and Managing Directories
mkdir, cd, pwd, rmdir
$ mkdir first
$ cd first
$ pwd
/usr1.b/bobk/first
$ cd
/usr1.b/bobk
$ cp myfile myfile2
$ ls my*
myfile myfile2
$ rmdir first
rmdir: first: Directory not empty $
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15. File Maintenance Commands and Help on UNIX Command Usage
Obtaining Help with the man Command
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16. File Maintenance Commands and Help on UNIX Command Usage (Contd)
Obtaining Help with the man Command
man [options][-s section] command-list
$ man ls
LS(1) FreeBSD General Commands Manual LS(1)
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [-ABCFGHLPRTWZabcdfghiklmnopqrstuwx1] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
For each operand that names a file of a type other than directory, ls displays
its name as well as any requested, associated information. For each operand
that names a file of type directory, ls displays the names of files contained
within that directory, as well as any requested, associated information.
If no operands are given, the contents of the current directory are displayed.
If more than one operand is given, nondirectory operands are displayed first;
directory and nondirectory operands are sorted separately and in lexicographical
order.
The following options are available:
Press <SPACE> to continue, or q to quit q
$ man -s2 read
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17. File Maintenance Commands and Help on UNIX Command Usage (Contd)
Other Methods of Obtaining Help
whatis
$ whatis login set setenv
login(1) -sign on
set(1) -set runtime parameters for session
setenv (1) -change or add an environment variable $
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18. Utility Commands Examining System Setups
whereis, whoami
$ whoami
bobk
$ whereis mkdir
mkdir: /usr/bin/mkdir $
Printing and General Utility Commands
lpr, cal
$ lpr -Pspr order.eps
Communication Commands
write username
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19. Utility Commands (Contd)
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20. Command Aliases
The alias command can be used to create pseudonyms (nicknames) for commands
Syntax for the alias command is:
alias [name [ = string ] …] Bourne, Korn, Bash shells
alias [name [ string ] ] C shell
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21. The alias Command Examples
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