1. Exercise Science Chapter II
Muscle Systems
Endocrine Systems

2. Muscles Fiber Types:

3. Muscles as Movers: Agonist: Synergist: Stabilizer: Antagonist:
Muscle that act as prime movers; most responsible for a particular movement.
Synergist:
Muscles that assist prime movers during a particular movement.
Stabilizer:
Muscles that support the body, whereas the prime movers and the synergists perform the movement patterns.
Antagonist:
Muscles perform the opposite action of the prime mover.

4. Muscle as Movers:

5. The Endocrine System:
is a system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate a variety of bodily functions, including the control of mood, growth and development, tissue function, and metabolism.

6. Hormones: Adrenal: epinephrine and norepinephrine
Pituitary: growth hormone, thyroid hormone
Reproductive: testosterone and estrogen
Cortisol: catabolic hormone

7. Adrenal: Location: Increases heart rate and stroke volume
Situated on top of each kidney
Associated with fight or flight response
Increases heart rate and stroke volume
Elevates blood glucose levels
Redistributes blood to working tissues
Opens up the airways

8. Pituitary: Anabolic hormone:
Stimulated by estrogen, testosterone, deep sleep, and vigorous activity.
Increases the development: of bone, muscle tissue, and protein synthesis, increases fat burning, and strengthens the immune system.

9. Reproductive: Estrogen: Testosterone: Breast development
Regulation of menstruation
Influence of fat deposition around the hips, buttocks, and thighs.
Testosterone:
Produced in the testes
In small amount in the ovaries
Tissue building and repair

10. Cortisol: Catabolic hormone: associated with tissue breakdown
Secreted by the adrenal gland and serve to maintain energy supply through the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
High levels of cortisol is secreted during overtraining, excessive stress, poor sleep, and inadequate nutrition (meaning significant breakdown of muscle tissue.