1. Development of Colonial Society 1720-1765

2. Old World Background Society in Europe—stratified Rural Urban
Aristocracy
Landed gentry
Peasants
Urban
Prosperous merchants
Shopkeepers and artisans
Unskilled labor

3. New England Freehold Society
Farm families: Women in the household economy
Husband the head of the household
Wife as helpmate
Motherhood
Limitations for women
Farm property: Inheritance
Land ownership was possible
Indentured servitude of children
Children of the wealthy
Marriage practices
Responsibility of the father

4. The Freehold Society in Crisis
Population increases contributed to challenges
Decreased size of farms shaped family dynamics
Additional land was necessary
Shift in farm production
Household mode of production

5. The Middle Colonies: New York
Economic growth and social inequality
Fertile lands and longer growing season
Feudal system develops in New York
Tenancy

6. The Middle Colonies: New Jersey and Pennsylvania
Started with relative equality
Influx of poor people shifts to more class divisions
Slaves or Scots-Irish worked the land
By 1760 half of white men owned no land

7. Middle Colonies: Cultural Diversity
Ethnically and religiously diverse
Preservation of cultural identity
Quakers in Pennsylvania
German settlers
Scots-Irish

8. Middle Colonies: Religious Diversity
Germans criticized the separation of church and state in PA
Quakers “enforced” morality through self-discipline
Friction between the Germans and Quakers resulted

9. European Enlightenment
Emphasized reason and the laws of nature
John Locke—origins of political authority
Benjamin Franklin—turned to Deism
Increased secularism among the colonists

10. Elements of the Great Awakening
Religious reaction to the enlightenment
Enthusiasm—contrast with the stoic Anglican church
Itinerant preachers
Democratic elements to the movement
First inter-colonial event

11. Content of the Message Salvation through faith and prayer
Importance of individual understanding of the Bible
Emphasized personal piety
Leading preachers: George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards

12. Impact of the Great Awakening
Conflict between “old light” and “new light” ministers was heightened
It undermined support of traditional churches
Established institutions to train a new supply of preachers—Princeton, Rutgers, Brown and Columbia
Challenged the Anglican church in the south
Increased the numbers of new sects

13. Conflict in North America and Europe
1n 1750: Only 80,000 settlers occupied New France
France and England had been fighting for supremacy in Europe and North America
First three wars—indecisive
In 1754 fighting began again
France controlled important water ways

14. Albany Conference Seven colonies represented
Negotiations with Iroquois
Plan of Union (1754)
“Grand Council”
Royal veto
Never passed

15. French and Indian War (1754-1763)
Began in North America
1756—“Seven Years War”
Virginians moved into the Ohio Valley
French countered by building forts
Virginia sent out a militia
French won some early battles
William Pitt—recommits to the war (1757)
1759—“The Year of Victory”
Indians at the end of the war

16. Treaty of Paris England is the major colonial power
England got all French territory to the Mississippi as well as Spanish Florida
French territory west of the Mississippi became part of New Spain
England’s dominance in India began

17. Results of the French and Indian War
Colonies
Favorable military experience
Colonial unity
Threat removed
Less dependent
Britain’s beliefs
Colonies had not fully cooperated
Had gained from victory
Should help pay

18. Results continued George Grenville—strict enforcement
Proclamation of 1763
Navigation Laws
Writs of Assistance
Maintain a peace-time army
Colonial resistance
British don’t understand the reaction

19. On the Frontier Colonists resented lack of protection against Indians
Pennsylvania—Paxton Boys
The Carolinas—the Regulators