1. CONQUEST OF THE WEST
Chapter 16

2. Societies of the Far West

3. Native Americans

4. Eastern Tribes
*Some Eastern tribes had relocated west of Mississippi River:
Cherokee and Creek

5. Western Tribes
Indians of the Pacific Coast: Chumash, Chinook
Indians of the Southwest: Navajo, Comanche, Apache

6. Plains Indian
*various tribes divided into bands *some sedentary, most nomadic hunters *movement often based on migration of buffalo
*finest light cavalry in the world

7. *Never able to unite against white aggression. Groups too independent
Weakness
*Never able to unite against white aggression. Groups too independent
*Conflicts between tribes distract from fighting whites one group may help whites against another group

8. Hispanic Communities
*located in former possessions of Spain/Mexico: New Mexico, Texas, California
*As more whites come Hispanics lose land and power

9. Chinese Migration
*Begins after 1848
*by ,000 move to US – mostly California

10. Some resent Chinese Immigrants
*resent success of Chinese
*seen as rivals in economy

11. Transcontinental Railroad
*over 12,000 work on RR
*90% of Central Pacific labor
*worked long hours for low pay

12. After Railroad finished:
*some hire as laborers
*some work the land
*many go to cities

13. By 1900 50% of Chinese population lives in cities of California
“Chinatowns”

14. Nativism Returns
*Chinese undercutting whites in wages and hours
*Local laws appear
*Physical Attacks

15. Chinese Exclusion Act
*1882
*Bans immigration for 10 years
*Bars Chinese in country from becoming naturalized citizens

16. Act renewed in 1892
Made permanent in 1902

17. Changing Western Economy

18. Labor in the West
*Occasional labor shortage
*work force stratified along racial lines

19. Mining
*1st economic boom of West
* Gold and/or silver strikes: Colorado Nevada Black Hills 74

20. Ranching

21. How to get cattle in Texas to markets in the East?
Cattle Drive
How to get cattle in Texas to markets in the East?

22. From 1867 to 1871
1.5 million head of cattle are brought to Abilene along the Chisholm Trail

23. Frederic Remington
Myth of the Cowboy

24. Dash for Timber

27. Farming

28. Joseph Glidden

29. Closing the West

30. Frederick Jackson Turner
The Frontier Thesis

31. End of the American Indian The End of the American Indians

32. Concentration Policy
*Desire of whites to get Indian land
*Each tribe assigned a reservation
*Divided tribes-easy to control

33. Administration of Indian Reservations
*officials often corrupt or ineffective
*well-meaning officials didn’t understand tribal ways

34. Indian Wars

35. Sand Creek Massacre
*Arapaho & Cheyenne under Black Kettle
*Flag of truce
*133 killed most women & children

37. George Armstrong Custer

39. Battle of the Little Big Horn
Custer’s Last Stand
June 25, 1876

41. Nez Perce
*Chief Joseph
*200 warriors+350 w&c
*attempt to go to Canada
*cover 1321 miles

43. Chief Joseph

44. Final resistance in Southwest
*Geronimo fights from Mexico
*Surrenders in 1886 with 30 others
*Pursued by 10,000

45. *Ghost Dancers-vision of Whites leaving
*Wounded Knee-Sioux
*40 soldiers
200 Sioux killed
*1890 last ‘battle’

46. Dawes Act 1887 *Gradual elimination of tribal ownership of land
*Give land to individuals
*Don’t have full ownership for 25 years
*Those who take land get citizenship
*Send kids to school

47. Carlisle Indian Industrial School

48. Class of 09

49. Kill the Indian, save the man
Richard Henry Pratt
Kill the Indian, save the man

50. Jim Thorpe

51. Commercial Farming
*specialize in crops to be sold on National or World markets
*cotton –70% exported
*Wheat 30-40%

52. Farmer’s Grievances
*Inequitable Freight rates
*High interest rates
*Inadequate Currency
*Price fixing