1. Chapter 19 Section 1 Notes Healing the Wounds of War
Both Germany and Japan were decimated by the war
Germany
The Potsdam Conference was held by the Allies in Potsdam, Germany to work out the details of their joint occupation of Germany.
The British, French and US divided up the Western side
The USSR occupied the Eastern and rural part
Berlin, in the Soviet zone, was divided likewise
Austria was also divided up

2. Pledges, Promises and Issues with German Occupation
Both side agreed to crush the Nazi Party
Re-establish local governance
Rebuild industry
The Allies agreed to repatriate German Refugees
Soviet Actions that Caused Tensions
The Soviets demanded that Poland be given German territory won in the war
They also wanted reparations from Germany
The Soviets had taken over the countries between them and Germany

3. The Occupation of Japan From 1945 to 1952
Emperor Hirohito was confined to his palace and had no power
Several million Japanese troops were demobilized
Democracy in Japan
In 1947 a new democratic Constitution was adopted:
Voting rights to women
Freedom of Religion
Abolished the army and navy- forever
Land redistribution and unions were legal
Broke up the “zaibatsu”- huge corporations run by single families- Japan made a huge recovery

4. War Crime Trials
Nuremburg Trials (Germany)- Before an international military court horrible testimony resulted in the sentencing of 12 to death and 7 to jail sentences. Many Nazis like Adolf Eichmann escaped to Latin America International Tribunal for the Far East (Japan)- General MacArthur set these up and they last for over two years. In the end Hideki Tojo (Japan’s Premier) and many others were sentenced to death *The #1 lesson is that countries and individuals can be held accountable for atrocities during war

5. The United Nations *The number 1 goal of the UN is world peace*
April nations met in San Francisco to draw up the charter
General Assembly- includes all member nations- deals with day -to -day stuff
Security Council- 15 nations, 5 permanent with veto power over the general assembly. The SC deals with military and political problems- US,GB, USSR, France, China
The US overwhelmingly joined in October of 1945 and Eleanor Roosevelt was one of the US’s first delegates
Many critics thought the UN would fail because of lack of enforcement powers

6. The Founding of Israel
GB controlled Palestine and after WW2 many European Jews moved there and GB turned over the issue to the UN
The UN decide to divide Palestine into two parts- one for the Jews and one for the Arabs-against Arab opposition
The UN plan was a victory for Zionism- a movement looking for a Jewish homeland in Palestine led by Ben-Gurion- formerly of Poland
The British withdrew in 1948 and the US and the USSR quickly recognized Israel

7. The Arab-Israeli War
The Arab states joined together and went to war with Israel
Israel was well-armed from the support of the American-Jewish community
Ben-Gurion led the Israelis to victory
In 1949 Ralph Bunche a US diplomat persuaded both sides to accept an armistice and he won the Nobel Peace Prize
Even after this the Arab countries refused to recognize Israel’s right to exist