1. The Adaptations of Blood Cells
The Circulatory System

2. Plan of Presentations Red blood cells, white blood cells
Differentiate between types of anemia
Leukemia
Identify and contrast blood types
ABO Blood Grouping and Rhesus factor
Blood Clotting
Hemophilia

3. Erythrocytes – red blood cells
Transport oxygen

4. Adaptations of red blood cells to living at high altitudes
Increase in number to absorb as much oxygen as possible A

5. Olympics – Mexico city - 1968

6. Effect of high altitude on fitness
Period of acclimatization

7. Anemia – lack of red blood cell
Lack of red blood cells
Sickle Cell Anemia Iron Deficiency Anemia
-genetic inborn error of metabolism
-red blood cells become
c-shaped in low oxygen
-cells become hooked and block capillaries causing pain
-lack of iron in the red blood cell
-red blood cells small and pale
and not able to carry enough oxygen
-person tires easily

8. Iron Deficiency Anemia
Characteristic
Sickle Cell Anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Cause
-genetic – substitution of an amino acid in haemoglobin
-lack of iron in the diet
Effect
-red blood cells become c-shaped in low oxygen environments e.g. movie cinemas, clubs, airplanes
-red blood cells small and pale in color – shortness of breath on exertion
Treatment
-bone marrow transplants, nutritious diet high in iron containing foods e.g. liver
-nutritious diet high in iron containing food, iron supplements
Cure
-no cure, error in DNA of bone marrow and all body cells
-adding more iron to the diet will reverse effects

9. Leukocytes – white blood cells
Phagocyte
-enlarged nucleus
-programmed to make specific antibodies in thymus and bone marrow
-made in bone marrow, lymph nodes
-tri-lobed nucleus
-engulfs and dissolves pathogens
-made in bone marrow and lymph nodes

10. Leukocytes work together
Lymphocytes make antibodies that clump or slow down pathogens so that phagocytes can engulf and dissolve them

12. Leukemia
a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells.

16. Rhesus factor
If you carry this protein, you are Rh positive. If you don't carry the protein, you are Rh negative.
Most people — about 85% — are Rh positive. But if a woman who is Rh negative and a man who is Rh positive conceive a baby, there is the potential for the baby to have a health problem.

17. Erythroblastosis fetalis

18. Incidence of blood groups

19. Blood Transfusions

20. You may need a transfusion of red blood cells if you have lost blood due to an injury or surgery.

21. Blood clotting
To prevent loss of red blood cells

22. Steps in blood clotting

23. Hemophilia
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder and is caused by a mutation within the genes for coagulation or clotting factors VIII or IX.
Persons with hemophilia cannot form blood clots when needed to stop bleeding and therefore bleed longer than people without hemophilia, not faster. People with hemophilia experience abnormal bleeding – either after an injury or spontaneously-into their joints, muscles, and soft tissues
Normal Clotting time is 5 to 8 minutes

24. Summary Blood components Blood disorders Treatment of blood disorders
No cure but management of disorder

25. Inheritance of Hemophilia

26. Hemophilia There is currently no cure for hemophilia.
Hemophilia can also be well managed with infusion of manufactured clotting factor concentrates to replace the factor that is missing from the blood. This is called clotting factor replacement therapy.