1. Understand the body’s systems of support and movement.
Essential Standard
1.00
Understand the body’s systems of support and movement.

2. Remember the structures of the skeletal system.
Objective
1.02
Remember the structures of the skeletal system.

3. Essential Questions What is the process of bone formation?
What are the structures of the long bones?
What are the structures of the skeletal system?

4. Skeletal System 206 bones – primary component of skeleton Functions
Supports body and provides shape
Protects internal organs
Movement and anchorage of muscles
Mineral storage (Calcium, Vitamin D, and Phosphorus)
Hemopoiesis-the process of blood cell formation in the red bone morrow

5. Bone Formation
Osteoblasts: cells which develop into bone or secrete substances producing bony tissue; bone-forming cell
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells
Osteoblast -->osteocyte
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

6. Bone Formation
Ossification – the process of making new bone material by cells called osteoblasts.
Synonymous with bone tissue formation
Hardening into a bony structure
Minerals replace previously formed cartilage.
Infants bones are soft and pliable because of incomplete ossification.
As bones ossify, they become hard.

7. Found in the arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers toes
Types of Bones
Long Bones
those that are longer than they are wide
subjected to most of the load during daily activities
Found in the arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers toes
Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Metacarpals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

8. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Types of Bones
Flat Bones
bones whose principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment.
Bones of the skull/cranium, ribs, chest, hip
Cranium, sternum, ribs, scapula, ilium
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

9. Types of Bones Irregular Bones Spine
bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as any other bone.
Spine
Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, mandible, hyoid

10. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Types of Bones
Short Bones
designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement.
Wrist and ankle
Carpals, Tarsals
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

11. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

12. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Structure of Long Bone
Diaphysis – shaft
Epiphysis – ends
Periosteum –outside covering of long bone
Endosteum- inner lining of long bone
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

13. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Structure of Long Bone
Shaft (diaphysis) is made of compact bone (DENSE bone) the ends (epiphysis) are spongy bone (POROUS bone).
Ends contain red marrow where red blood cells are made
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

15. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Mature bone cells are called:
A. Osteoblasts
B. Osteocytes
C. Red blood cells
D. Fontanels
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

16. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The bone forming cells are:
A. diaphysis
B. periosteum
C. osteoblasts
D. osteocytes
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

17. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Which minerals are stored in the skeletal system?
A. Vitamins C and E
B. Vitamin D and Calcium
C. Folic Acid and Vitamin C
D. Vitamins A and D
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

18. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Dense bone is called compact bone and porous bone is called:
A. Bone Marrow
B. Cartilage
C. Spongy Bone
D. Soft Bone
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

19. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The primary component of the Skeleton is:
A. Synovial Fluid
B. Cartilage
C. Bone
D. Ligament
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

20. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The shaft of the long bone is called the:
A. Medulla
B. Periosteum
C. Epiphysis
D. Diaphysis
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

21. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Bones are classified based on shape. What are the four basic shapes of bones:
A. Round, long, flat, and short
B. Irregular, short, flat, triangular
C. Short, oval, long, and flat
D. Long, flat, irregular, short
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

22. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The outer covering of the bone is the:
A. Cartilage
B. Diaphysis
C. Epiphysis
D. Periosteum
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

23. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The process of bone hardening when minerals replace previously formed cartilage is known as:
A. Osteocyte
B. Articular Cartilage
C. Ossification
D. Endosteum
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

24. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Hemopoiesis, mineral storage, movement, protection, and support are all functions of which body system?
A. Endocrine System
B. Integumentary
C. Muscular
D. Skeletal
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

25. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The inner lining of the long bone is the:
A. diaphysis
B. endosteum
C. epiphysis
D. periosteum
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

26. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The end of the long bone is the:
A. diaphysis
B. endosteum
C. epiphysis
D. periosteum
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

27. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Cindy has a dislocated shoulder.  Her doctor has recommended six weeks of physical therapy.  This will impact which function of the skeletal system?
A.  Hemopoiesis
B.  Mineral storage
C.  Movement
D.  Protection
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

28. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Major organs of the body are located within the skull, ribs, and pelvis.  What function of the skeletal system do these structures perform?
A.  Hemopoiesis
B.  Mineral storage
C.  Movement
D.  Protection
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

29. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

30. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

31. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

32. Axial Skeleton Skull Cranium Maxilla Mandible Spinal Column Sternum
Ribs

33. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Axial Skeleton - Skull
Skull frontal view
Cranium
Maxilla
Mandible
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

34. Axial Skeleton- Vertebral Column
Spinal / Vertebral column
Cervical -7
Thoracic -12
Lumbar -5
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

35. Axial Skeleton- Ribs and Sternum
Sternum (breastbone)
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
12 pairs of ribs
7 true (1-7)
3 false (8-10)
2 floating (11-12)

36. Appendicular Skeleton
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

37. Appendicular skeleton
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius and ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges (fingers)
Pelvis
Ilium/Iliac Crest
Femur
Tibia and Fibula
Patella
Tarsal bones
Calcaneus
Metatarsals
Phalanges (toes)

38. Appendicular Skeleton- Upper Extremity
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

39. Appendicular Skeleton – Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremity

40. The medical term for the finger bones is?

42. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

43. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle
Compare the male and female pelvis.
Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

44. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Bones of the skull, spine, and chest make up the:
A. Appendicular Skeleton
B. Axial Skeleton
C. Dorsal Skeleton
D. Ventral Skeleton
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

45. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The largest bone in the body is the:
A. Femur
B. Pelvis
C. Scapula
D. Sternum
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

46. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Chewing involves the use of which movable skull bone?
A. Maxilla
B. Mandible
C. Zygomatic
D. Parietal
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

47. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The medical term for the finger bones is:
A. Carpals
B. Phalanges
C. Tarsals
D. Ulnas
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

48. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The medical term for the knee-cap is the:
A. Patella
B. Tarsal
C. Calcaneous
D. Tibial Crest
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

49. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
What lower arm bone is located on the thumb side of the hand?
A. Patella
B. Radius
C. Tibia
D. Ulna
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

50. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Another name for the breastbone is the:
A. Scapula
B. Sternum
C. Ulna
D. Xiphoid Process
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

51. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
Seven pairs of costal cartilage join 7 pairs of ribs directly to the sternum. These are known as:
A. False Ribs
B. Floating Ribs
C. True Ribs
D. Sternal Ribs
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

52. Joints Articulations – joints, bone – bone contact. Function:
1.  Hold bones together.
 2.  Allow flexibility so that body movements can occur.

53. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Joints
Moveable Joints
Six types
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Gliding (Plane)
Saddle
Condyloid
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

54. Joints Ball and socket One bone has a ball at one end
The other has a concave socket
Allows for the greatest range of motion
Ex: shoulder, hip

55. Joints
Hinge joint
Move in one direction - flexion
Elbow, jaw, knees

56. Joints Pivot joints Bones that rotate across each other; pivot on axis
neck

57. Joints Gliding joint Aka Plane Joint
Bones with flat surfaces that slide across each other
Wrist, ankle

58. Joints
Saddle joint
Thumb

59. Joints
Condyloid joint
All joints where fingers meet the hand

60. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
What type of joint allows the greatest freedom of movement?
A. Ball-and-socket joints
B. Hinge joints
C. Pivot joints
D. Gliding joints
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

61. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
What type of joint is the elbow?
A. ball and socket
B. gliding
C. hinge
D. pivot
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

62. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Review Question
The shoulder and the hip are examples of which type of joint?
A. Ball and socket joints
B. Condyloid joints
C. Hinge Joints
D. Saddle Joints
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system

63. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Bell Ringer
List the classifications/types of bone (4) and provide an example of each
Draw a long bone and identify the 2 main parts and the 2 main layers
What class of bone do the ribs fall in?
What class of bone does the sacrum fall in?
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system