2. Lampreys are good!

3. Lampreys are...facesucking vampires?

4. lampreys hagfish Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
Cyclostomata Gnathostomata
Cyclostomata
Vertebrata

5. lampreys hagfish Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
Cyclostomata Gnathostomata
Cyclostomata
Vertebrata
Cranium
3-part brain
Vestibular apparatus
Neural crest cells
Paired sensory organs
Segmented vertebral column

6. lampreys hagfish Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
Cyclostomata Gnathostomata
myelinated neurons
paired appendages
jaws
bone
Vertebrata

7. lampreys hagfish Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
"Placoderms"
Cyclostomata Gnathostomata
"Ostracoderms"
jaws
bone

8. Myomeres and evolution of musculature

9. Evolution of axial skeleton: Development of vertebrae

11. Paired pelvic and pectoral fins

12. Vestibular apparatus

13. Myelination of nerves

14. Tripartite brain structure, cerebellum

15. Evolution of jaws from branchial arches
1. Early vertebrate: unjointed branchial basket (support structure)
2. Early pre-gnathostome: jointed branchial arches, stronger branchial muscles (stronger inspiration and expiration)
3. Late pre-gnathostome: extensive development of anterior (mouth) arches
4. Anteriormost arches as functional jaws (grasping prey and other items), second arches (hyoid) as jaw supports

18. Paleozoic shark: Cladoselache

19. Mesozoic shark: Hybodus

21. Galea: great white shark

23. Galea: basking shark

24. Squalea: frill shark

25. Squalea: cookie-cutter shark

27. Squalea: sawshark

28. Galea: hammerhead shark

30. Squalea: angel shark

31. Batoidea

33. Batoidea: Alaskan skate
Batoidea: longnose skate

34. Batoidea (Rhinobatidae): guitarfish

35. Batoidea (Torpediniformes): electric ray

36. Batoidea (Myliobatiformes): stingray

37. Batoidea (Myliobatidae): manta ray

38. Holocephali
claspers

39. Holocephali: ratfish