1. Reproductive System

2. What is reproduction?

3. Reproduction Definition
The production of offspring by a sexual or asexual process

4. Sexual Reproduction Male –Sperm Female- Egg (Ovum)
Gonads -Reproductive organs
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5. Fertilization Internal Fertilization
Sperm is delivered inside of female
Environment must be moist
Why?

6. Development
External
In water: eggs are soft-shelled and nutrients/wastes can pass through shell by diffusion
On land: eggs are hard shelled (to protect growing baby); yolk provides nutrition for growing baby

7. Internal fertilization
Almost all Mammals
Most insects, reptiles, amphibians
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8. External Fertilization
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9. The Male Reproductive System
Urinary bladder
Vas deferens
Pubic bone
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Seminal vesicle
Urethra
Rectum
The main structures of the male reproductive system produce and deliver sperm. The main organs of the male reproductive system are the testes. The testes are located in an external sac called the scrotum.
The scrotum is located outside the body cavity, where it is between 1 and 3 degrees cooler than normal body temperature. The lower temperature helps sperm development.
The testes are located in an external sac called the scrotum.
Within each testis are clusters of hundreds of tiny tubules called seminiferous tubules.
The seminiferous tubules are tightly coiled and twisted together.
Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules.
Sperm produced in the seminiferous tubules move into the epididymis, where they mature and are stored.
From there, sperm move into a tube called the vas deferens, which extends up from the scrotum into the abdominal cavity.
This merges with the urethra, the tube that leads to the outside of the body through the penis.
Glands lining the reproductive tract produce seminal fluid.
Seminal fluid nourishes sperm and protects them from the acidity of the female reproductive tract.
The combination of sperm and seminal fluid is called semen.
Penis
Prostate gland
Epididymis
Bulbourethral gland
Testis
Scrotum

10. The testes are located in an external sac called the scrotum.
The scrotum is located outside the body cavity, where it is between 1 and 3 degrees cooler than normal body temperature. The lower temperature helps sperm development.
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11. Sperm Formation MEIOSIS forms sperm Sperm forms in testes
Scrotum keeps cooler than rest
Semen is sperm plus protecting fluid
Semen leaves testes through the vas deferens (sperm ducts) to the urethra before it exits.

12. The Male Reproductive System
A sperm cell consists of:
a head, which contains the nucleus
a midpiece, which contains energy-releasing mitochondria
a tail, which propels the cell forward
Head
Nucleus
Midpiece
Mitochondria
The sperm is the male gamete, or sex cell.
Tail

13. Testes
Within each testis are clusters of hundreds of tiny tubules called seminiferous tubules.
The seminiferous tubules are tightly coiled and twisted together.
Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules.
Sperm produced in the seminiferous tubules move into the epididymis, where they mature and are stored.
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14. Path of Sperm Travel
From the epididymus, sperm move into a tube called the vas deferens, which extends up from the scrotum into the abdominal cavity.
This merges with the urethra, the tube that leads to the outside of the body through the penis.
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15. Accessory Glands
The seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland
Glands lining the reproductive tract produce seminal fluid.
Seminal fluid nourishes sperm and protects them from the acidity of the female reproductive tract.
The combination of sperm and seminal fluid is called semen.

16. Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Male
Produced by testosterone
Deeper voice
Chest and facial hair
Lengthen bones
Increased size of testes for sperm production

17. Sperm Production (Spermatogenesis)
Video
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