1. Review Exam #5 Electrical, Steering, Suspension, Brakes, Tires

2. Electrical Terms (good $ for auto technician)
Electricity is the flow of electrons.
Conductors allow electron flow.
Insulators restricts the flow of electrons.
Chapter 9
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

3. © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
Electrical Terms
Voltage is the pressure pushing electrons. Volts (V)
Current is the quantity of electrons (Intensity). Amps (A)
Resistance is the measure of electrical resistance. Ohms Ω (R)
OHMS Law
V / R = A
Chapter 9
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

4. © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
Battery
Battery – converts chemical energy to electrical energy
12-Volt Systems
Most automotive batteries are 12-volt DC.
Each cell produces 2 to 2.1 volts. Fully charged battery is 12.6V
Chapter 9
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

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Battery Strength
CCA – Cold Cranking Amps tested at 0ºF
CA – Cranking Amps tested at 32ºF
Chapter 9
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

6. © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
Starting System
Starter – converts electrical energy to mechanical energy to crank over the engine.
Park/Neutral Safety Switch – is a safety mechanism so the vehicle won’t start if the transmission is in gear.
Chapter 9
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

7. © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
Serpentine and V
Serpentine V
Chapter 9
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

8. © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
Alternator
Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy to recharge the battery.
Chapter 9
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

9. © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
Fuses
Fuses are overcurrent protection devices (fuse burn out before expensive component)
Fuse Junction Block
Fuse Types
Chapter 9
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

10. Digital Multimeter (DMM)
Measure Volts, Amps, Ohms
Part of practical exam
Chapter 9
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

11. Forced Induction
Forcing more air into the cylinders for combustion to produce more power.
Boost

12. Forced Induction Turbocharging
A turbine that uses exhaust gases to pressurize intake air.
Can have a “Lag” as engine spools up
Blow Off Valve (BOV) on intake side to alleviate back pressure
Wastegate on exhaust side

13. Forced Induction Supercharging A “Blower”
Belt driven off of the engine
No lag
Parasitic drain on engine
Chapter 11

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Hybrid Vehicles
Internal combustion engine powered by fuel (commonly gasoline) and an electric motor powered by electricity from a high voltage battery pack.
Chapter 18
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

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Tire Classifications
Tire sidewall – provides the size, ratings, and other vital information.
Chapter 14
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

16. Tires Proper inflation on door sticker
Must use pressure gauge
Tread Wear Bars indicate 2/32” of tread left

17. Suspension System Purpose
Comfort
Contact
Control
Suspension System Components
Shocks (keep car from bouncing), Struts, Control Arms, Sway Bar, Coil Spring, Leaf Spring, Steering Knuckle, Ball Joint, Tie Rod
Chapter 14
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

18. Suspension and Steering Components
Steering Linkage
Parallelogram Steering – also called a pitman arm or recirculating ball system.
Chapter 14
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

19. Suspension and Steering Components
Steering Linkage
Rack and Pinion Steering – commonly works in conjunction with struts to reduce space and weight.
Chapter 14
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

20. Tire Care and Maintenance
Wheel Alignment
Caster – the forward or backward tile from absolute vertical when viewed from the side.
Camber – the inward or outward tilt of the tire from absolute vertical when viewed from the front.
Toe – the differences in front or back distances in a pair of tires.
Chapter 14
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

21. Disc Brakes System
Rotor
Pads
Caliper

22. Drum Brakes System
Drum
Wheel
Cylinder
Brake
Shoes

23. Braking System Components
Brake pedal – mechanically connected to a hydraulic unit called a master cylinder.
Master cylinder – converts the mechanical force from the brake pedal to hydraulic pressure.
Brake lines – transfer the fluid pressure to the wheels.
Chapter 15
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

24. Braking System Components
Wheel Speed Sensors – monitor a toothed sensor ring to keep track of and compare the rotational speed of each wheel.
Chapter 15
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

25. Control and Safety Systems
Antilock Brake System (ABS) - ABS minimizes wheel lockup (skidding) by using sensors at each wheel (or in the differential) to monitor wheel speed, a hydraulic unit to regulate brake pressure, and a computer/controller to command the system.
Chapter 15
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

26. Control and Safety Systems
Traction Control System (TCS)
Uses sensors to detect tire slippage during acceleration.
Adjusts throttle input and applies braking force to slow a slipping wheel and help the tire regain traction with the road.
Chapter 15
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

27. Control and Safety Systems
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
Added to many vehicles to help drivers maintain control during unstable situations such as attempting to avoid a crash or during unfavorable weather conditions.
Required on all 2012 and later vehicles.
Chapter 15
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

28. © 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing www.AutoUpkeep.com
Parking Brakes
Engages shoes or pads at the rear wheels to keep the vehicle from moving when parked.
Mechanical Cable
A hand lever in the center of the console or small foot pedal on the far left side of the driver’s foot controls engages the cable.
The mechanical cable allows the systems to work independently of each other.
Electric Parking Brake
A button is used to signal a motor to pull a brake cable or directly engages advanced caliper motors.
Chapter 15
© 2013 Rolling Hills Publishing

29. Practical Measure Tire Tread Depth Adjust Tire Pressure
Identify Tire Classifications
Mount a Tire
Balance a Tire
Measure Volts, Ohms
Identify Steering, Suspension, and Brake System Components