1. Biology Week 2016 Quiz Ages 16-18

2. 1. In August 2016, the Greenland shark made headlines when it was declared the oldest (known) vertebrate animal. Approximately how long do these creatures live?
310 years
180 years
250 years
400 years
Photograph credit: Julius Nielsen/Science

3. 1. In August 2016, the Greenland shark made headlines when it was declared the oldest (known) vertebrate animal. Approximately how long do these creatures live?
310 years
180 years
250 years
400 years
Photograph credit: Julius Nielsen/Science
Answer: 400 years

4. 2. The transfer of antibodies from mother to unborn baby in humans is through the ____________ ? (A) Amniotic fluid (B) Dendritic cells (C) Placenta (D) Antigen
Question contributed by the British Society for Immunology

5. 2. The transfer of antibodies from mother to unborn baby in humans is through the ____________ ? (A) Amniotic fluid (B) Dendritic cells (C) Placenta (D) Antigen
Answer: Placenta
Question contributed by the British Society for Immunology

6. 3. African driver ants have some of the most populous colonies of any ant. To the nearest million, what is the largest?    
Question contributed by The University of Gloucestershire.

7. 3. African driver ants have some of the most populous colonies of any ant. To the nearest million, what is the largest?    
Answer: 22
Question contributed by The University of Gloucestershire.

8. 4. In the cell, what is the main role of mitochondria?
Question contributed by the Biochemical Society

9. 4. In the cell, what is the main role of mitochondria?
Answer: They produce large amounts of ATP for metabolic processes in the cell.
Question contributed by the Biochemical Society

10. 5. TRUE or FALSE – there are more than 10 species of penguin living in or around the North Pole.
Question contributed by the Marine Biological Association

11. 5. TRUE or FALSE – there are more than 10 species of penguin living in or around the North Pole.
Answer: False
There are none! Penguins are only found in the Southern hemisphere.
Question contributed by the Marine Biological Association

12. Clubroot disease on parsnips Potato late blight Bean rust
6. Which plant disease caused over one million people to starve to death and another million to emigrate from Ireland (1845 – 1857)?
Clubroot disease on parsnips
Potato late blight
Bean rust
Question contributed by the British Society for Plant Pathology

13. Clubroot disease on parsnips Potato late blight Bean rust
6. Which plant disease caused over one million people to starve to death and another million to emigrate from Ireland (1845 – 1857)?
Clubroot disease on parsnips
Potato late blight
Bean rust
Answer: Potato late blight (caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans)
Question contributed by the British Society for Plant Pathology

14. 7. There are more than 70,000 different species found in or around the seas of the UK. How many of them are mammals?
(A) 101
(B) 1,001
(C) 10,001
Credit: Dave_S.
Credit: Dave_S.
Question contributed by the British Ecological Society

15. 7. There are more than 70,000 different species found in or around the seas of the UK. How many of them are mammals?
(A) 101
(B) 1,001
(C) 10,001
Credit: Dave_S.
Credit: Dave_S.
Answer: 101 species
Question contributed by the British Ecological Society

16. 8. During the inflammatory response, the immune system releases a chemical that causes the blood vessels to dilate, allowing white blood vessels to enter the capillaries to protect against foreign bodies. This chemical is called: (A) Histamine (B) Dopamine (C) Glutamine (D) Ketamine (E) Rhodamine
Question contributed by the British Society for Immunology

17. 8. During the inflammatory response, the immune system releases a chemical that causes the blood vessels to dilate, allowing white blood vessels to enter the capillaries to protect against foreign bodies. This chemical is called: (A) Histamine (B) Dopamine (C) Glutamine (D) Ketamine (E) Rhodamine
Answer: Histamine
Question contributed by the British Society for Immunology

18. 9. Name the two processes by which cells divide.
Question contributed by the Biochemical Society

19. 9. Name the two processes by which cells divide.
Mitosis & Meiosis
In normal cells, division occurs by mitosis, where a cell duplicates all of its contents and splits to form two identical daughter cells. Mitosis is fundamental to life and is how our body cells replicate. Meiosis occurs in order to form sperm or egg cells. It is a two-step process that halves the chromosome number, so that when the sperm and egg cells unite at conception, each contributes 23 chromosomes so the resulting embryo will have the usual 46. Meiosis also allows for genetic variation as the DNA is shuffled during the replication.
Question contributed by the Biochemical Society

20. 10. The condition osteoporosis affects what part of the body?
Heart
Ears
Bones
Eyes
Question contributed by the Society for Endocrinology

21. 10. The condition osteoporosis affects what part of the body?
Heart
Ears
Bones
Eyes
Answer: Bones
Question contributed by the Society for Endocrinology

22. 11. Approximately how many chemical elements can be detected in the composition of  the human body?
Question contributed by the Biochemical Society

23. 11. Approximately how many chemical elements can be detected in the composition of  the human body?
Answer: 60
Question contributed by the Biochemical Society

24. 12. The hinge region is a flexible sequence of amino acids that joins together the heavy chains of immunoglobulins. This hinge region is held together by chemical bonds called: (A) Disulphide bonds (B) Hydrogen bonds (C) Watson-Crick pairing (D) Ionic bonds
Question contributed by the British Society for Immunology

25. 12. The hinge region is a flexible sequence of amino acids that joins together the heavy chains of immunoglobulins. This hinge region is held together by chemical bonds called: (A) Disulphide bonds (B) Hydrogen bonds (C) Watson-Crick pairing (D) Ionic bonds
Answer: Disulphide bonds
Question contributed by the British Society for Immunology

26. 13. What is estimated to be the most abundant protein on Earth?
Rubisco – an enzyme involved in photosynthesis
Myosin – a muscle protein
Collagen – a protein in skin, tendons and ligaments
Haemoglobin – a protein found in red blood cells
Question contributed by the Biochemical Society

27. 13. What is estimated to be the most abundant protein on Earth?
Rubisco – an enzyme involved in photosynthesis
Myosin – a muscle protein
Collagen – a protein in skin, tendons and ligaments
Haemoglobin – a protein found in red blood cells
Answer: Rubisco
Question contributed by the Biochemical Society

28. 14. Which of these nucleotides is NOT present in DNA: (A) Thymine (B) Cytosine (C) Uracil (D) Adenine (E) Guanine
Question contributed by the British Society for Immunology

29. 14. Which of these nucleotides is NOT present in DNA: (A) Thymine (B) Cytosine (C) Uracil (D) Adenine (E) Guanine
Answer: Uracil
Question contributed by the British Society for Immunology

30. 15. Unscramble these anagrams to reveal three notable human diseases.
BUSIER LOCUST
CAR HOLE
SPY ROLE
(One mark for each correct answer)

31. 15. Unscramble these anagrams to reveal three notable human diseases.
BUSIER LOCUST
CAR HOLE
SPY ROLE
Answer: Tuberculosis
Answer: Cholera
Answer: Leprosy
(One mark for each correct answer)

32. 16. In hot weather, the urine becomes:
More concentrated and lighter in colour
More concentrated and darker in colour
Less concentrated and lighter in colour
Less concentrated and darker in colour
Question contributed by the Physiological Society

33. 16. In hot weather, the urine becomes:
More concentrated and lighter in colour
More concentrated and darker in colour
Less concentrated and lighter in colour
Less concentrated and darker in colour
Answer: More concentrated and darker in colour.
Question contributed by the Physiological Society

34. □All STIs have symptoms □All STIs make you infertile
17. Select all of the true statements concerning Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) from the following:
□ All STIs can be cured
□ Some STIs can be cured
□All STIs have symptoms
□All STIs make you infertile
□Some STIs make you infertile
□Some STIs can kill you
Question contributed by the Microbiology Society

35. □All STIs have symptoms □All STIs make you infertile
17. Select all of the true statements concerning Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) from the following:
□ All STIs can be cured
□ Some STIs can be cured
□All STIs have symptoms
□All STIs make you infertile
□Some STIs make you infertile
□Some STIs can kill you
Question contributed by the Microbiology Society

36. 18. Can you name these three famous biologists?
Credit: David Shankbone

37. 18. Can you name these three famous biologists?
Credit: David Shankbone
Answer: Charles Darwin
Answer: Jane Goodall
Answer: Richard Dawkins

38. 19. What kind of animal is a barnacle? A mollusc A mammal A crustacean
A fish
Question contributed by the Marine Biological Association

39. 19. What kind of animal is a barnacle? A mollusc A mammal A crustacean
A fish
Answer: A crustacean
Question contributed by the Marine Biological Association

40. 20. Which ONE of the following is NOT a real species or genus named after Sir David Attenborough?
Attenborough’s giant land snail – a snail the size of a bag of flour.
The Attenborosaurus – a genus of dinosaurs from the Jurassic period.
Credit: Mikedixson
Sir David's long-beaked echidna - a prickly mammal from New Guinea.
Attenborough's goblin spider – a tiny spider just one millimetre long

41. 20. Which ONE of the following is NOT a real species or genus named after Sir David Attenborough?
Attenborough’s giant land snail – a snail the size of a bag of flour.
The Attenborosaurus – a genus of dinosaurs from the Jurassic period.
Credit: Mikedixson
Answer: Attenborough’s giant land snail – a snail the size of a bag of flour.
Sir David's long-beaked echidna - a prickly mammal from New Guinea.
Attenborough's goblin spider – a tiny spider just one millimetre long

42. 22
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