1. HS I Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System and Immunity

2. Obj 2.03-2.04 Lymphatic System and Immunity
Medical Terminology to Know…..
Medical Term
Definition
aden-
gland
carcin-
cancer
chem-
drug
Contra-
against
epidemi-
among the people
histo-
tissue
hygien-
healthful
inter-
between
-lysis
destruction
micro-
small
oid-
like, similar
pharyngo-
throat
Pseudo-
false
sept-
infection
toxic-
poisonous

3. Watch Youtube Video ……….Lymphatic System
Obj Lymphatic System

4. The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Functions and Structures:
1. LYMPH- watery fluid that goes between capillary blood and tissues
- transports pathogens to lymph nodes where they can be destroyed
- INTERSTITIAL FLUID filters out of capillaries into the microscopic spaces between cells
2. LYMPH VESSELS- transport excess tissue fluid back into
circulatory system.
3. LYMPH NODES- produce lymphocytes, filters out harmful bacteria Obj Lymphatic System

5. Watch Youtube Video Lymph System………. http://youtu.be/Ey9xhYGsUN4
Obj Lymphatic System

6. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
closely parallel veins
transport lymph
Obj Lymphatic System

7. Watch Youtube Video Lymph System Vessels………. http://youtu
Obj Lymphatic System

8. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels parallel to blood vessels
Obj Lymphatic System

9. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
Lacteals
Specialized lymph vessels in the small intestines…in each villi
Obj Lymphatic System

10. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph vessels
Lymphatic ducts
Large lymph vessels
Thoracic duct
Also called the left lymphatic duct
receives lymph from the left side…empties into left subclavian vein
Right lymphatic duct
Lymph flows only in one direction
Obj Lymphatic System

11. Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes………. http://youtu.be/AAPW2AjCFeg
Obj Lymphatic System

12. Structures of the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
tiny, oval-shaped structures
range in size from a pinhead to an almond
Act as filters
Located alone or grouped – large cluster in the neck and under the arms
If substance can’t be destroyed, node becomes inflamed
Lymph node
Obj Lymphatic System

13. Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes & Lymph Vessels………. http://youtu
Obj Lymphatic System

14. Structures of the lymphatic system
Tonsils
3 pairs
masses of lymphatic tissue
Palatine tonsils
sides of throat
Adenoids (pharyngeal)
upper throat
Lingual tonsils
back of tongue
Obj Lymphatic System

15. Watch Youtube Video Immunity………. http://youtu.be/kExm6AQ6LpY
Obj Lymphatic System

16. Watch Youtube Video Immunity………. http://youtu.be/6uwVhn-APsQ
Obj Lymphatic System

17. Structures of the lymphatic system
Spleen
Spongy organ in the upper-left quadrant of abdomen
Forms lymphocytes and monocytes
Filters blood
Stores large amounts of RBCs – contracts during vigorous exercise or loss of blood to release RBCs
Obj Lymphatic System

18. Spleen continued….. Destroys or removes old, fragile RBCs
Not an essential organ…more needed in children
If injured (blunt force trauma) may cause internal bleeding due to rich blood supply
Obj Lymphatic System

19. Watch Youtube Video Spleen………. http://youtu.be/0CqWulccLMo
Obj Lymphatic System

20. Structures of the lymphatic system
Thymus gland
located in the upper, anterior chest
also an endocrine gland
“disappearing gland”
Obj Lymphatic System

21. The Lymphatic System What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
1. Fluid Balance
2. Lymphocyte Production
3. Filtration
4. Immunity
Obj Lymphatic System

22. The Lymphatic System Fluid balance ____Fluid ____Fluid IN OUT
returning fluid from the interstitial compartment to the bloodstream
transferring excess water from the bloodstream to the tissue fluid
compensating for hypovolemia by releasing stored fluid to the tissues
compensating for hypervolemia by absorbing and storing excess fluid
____Fluid IN
____Fluid
OUT
Obj Lymphatic System

23. Lymphocyte production
The Lymphatic System
Lymphocyte production
What are lymphocytes?
What do they do?
Obj Lymphatic System

24. The Lymphatic System Filtration
Lymph nodes filter fluid to remove pathogens…fluid then delivered to other lymphatic vessels.
Obj Lymphatic System

25. Watch Youtube Video Lymph System……….
Obj Lymphatic System

26. Immunity Body’s ability to fight off infection……
Obj Lymphatic System

27. Watch Youtube Video Immunity………. http://youtu.be/njNdANeRK3A
Obj Lymphatic System

28. The Lymphatic System The body’s ability to resist pathogens
Present at birth, inherited and permanent
The body’s response to a pathogen
Artifically acquired by injecting antibodies…lasts 3-5 weeks…immediate immunity
Lasts longer…your body responds to a pathogen
Result of recovering from a disease
Being vaccinated / immunized (antigen injected to stimulate production of antibodies)
Obj Lymphatic System

29. The Lymphatic System Natural immunity
(Innate) – at birth, inherited and permanent.
Includes anatomical barriers (that you are
Naturally born with):
Unbroken skin
Mucus and tears
Blood phagocytes
Local inflammation
Obj Lymphatic System

30. Acquired immunity: Active and Passive
The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active and Passive
Occurs as a result of exposure to invaders - Lasts longer…two types
Active Acquired
Passive Acquired
Obj Lymphatic System

31. Acquired Immunity cont.
*You “Acquire” immunity after Exposure to a pathogen either:
Actively having disease (Natural Acquired) or injections (Active Acquired) that build up antibodies-last longer because your body is responding to a pathogen (your body acquires immunity by actively buiding its own antibodies) or
Passively-Being injected by antibodies (you acquire immunity passively & immediately due to the injected antibodies, but last only 3-5 wks).
Obj Lymphatic System

32. Watch Youtube Video Acquired Immunity: Passive vs Active ……… http://youtu.be/PNTDpxsrNGM
Obj Lymphatic System

33. The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity-cont.
Acquired immunity: Active
Natural (body reacts to having the disease once before)
A result of having had and recovered from a disease.
For example: a child who had measles will usually not get it again – child’s body has manufactured antibodies against disease
Obj Lymphatic System

34. The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity-cont.
Acquired immunity: Passive Natural – baby gets from mother’s placenta or mother’s milk (Passed from mom to baby)
Obj Lymphatic System

35. (2 ways to get Active Acquired Immunity)
The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active
(2 ways to get Active Acquired Immunity)
Artificial
Natural
Obj Lymphatic System

36. The Lymphatic System Acquired Immunity Active Artificial
-by immunizations
Should immunizations be required?
Why or why not?
Obj Lymphatic System

37. The Lymphatic System Acquired Immunity Natural = Result of recovering
from a
disease
*Your body naturally builds
up antibodies against the
Disease process you had.
Measles (rubeola)
Chicken Pox (varicella)
Obj Lymphatic System

38. Watch Youtube Video Immunity & Vaccines Explained…………. http://youtu
Obj Lymphatic System

39. HYPERSENSITIVITY
When the body’s immune system fails to protect itself against foreign material, and instead, the antibodies formed irritate certain body cells.
An abnormal response to a drug or allergen.
An ALLERGEN is an antigen that causes allergic reaction responses. (Examples of allergens – ragweed, penicillin, bee stings, foods,etc.)
Obj Lymphatic System

40. The Lymphatic System Anaphylactic shock - Severe, sometimes fatal
allergic reaction
-Antigen-antibody reaction stimulates a massive secretion of histamine
Symptoms – breathing problems, eadache, facial swelling, falling blood pressure,
stomach cramps, and vomiting
Rx - adrenaline
*Needs to wear a medic-alert bracelet / tag
Obj Lymphatic System

41. Watch Youtube Video Anaphylaxis……….
Obj Lymphatic System

42. The Lymphatic System AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Caused by HTLV-III (human T-lymphotrophic virus type III) Commonly caused HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Affects not only homosexual males but all populations
Obj Lymphatic System

43. The patient with AIDS cannot fight off cancers and most infections
Three responses to HIV infection:
AIDS
ARC (AIDS – related complex)
Asymptomatic infection
Screening tests (anonymous) for HIV/AIDS are available
Obj Lymphatic System

44. Symptoms of AIDS Persistent fevers or night sweats
Prolonged fatigue
Persistent fevers or night sweats
Persistent, unexplained cough
Thick coating in throat or on tongue
Easy bruising, unexplained bleeding
Appearance of purple lesions on mucous membranes or skin that don’t go away
Chronic diarrhea
Shortness of breath
Unexplained lymphadenopathy
Unexplained weight loss, 10lbs or more, in less than 2 months
Incubation period: 1 month to 12 years
Obj Lymphatic System

45. Watch Youtube Video AIDS……….
Obj Lymphatic System

46. The Lymphatic System Hodgkin’s Disease
cancer of the lymph nodes, painless swelling of lymph nodes are early symptoms.
Rx – chemotherapy and radiation
Obj Lymphatic System

47. Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes……….
Obj Lymphatic System

48. The Lymphatic System Infectious mononucleosis Caused by virus
Frequently in young adults and children
Spread by oral contact ( i.e. kissing, drinking after someone)
Symptoms – enlarged lymph nodes, fever, physical and mental fatigue,  Leukocytes
Rx – bedrest, symptomatic treatment
Obj Lymphatic System

49. Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes……….
Obj Lymphatic System

50. The Lymphatic System While watching the following video-answer these questions:
Lupus erythematosus
What is the classic symptom of lupus?
What other symptoms might present?
How is lupus managed?
What is the prognosis?
Obj Lymphatic System

51. Watch Youtube Video Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)……… http://youtu
Obj Lymphatic System

52. The Lymphatic System Lupus erythematosus- a chronic
inflammatory disease that occurs when your body's
immune system attacks your own tissues and organs.
Inflammation caused by lupus can affect many
different body systems — including your joints, skin,
kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs.
The classic symptom of lupus-difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms often mimic those of other ailments. The most distinctive sign of lupus — a facial rash that resembles the wings of a butterfly unfolding across both cheeks occurs in many but not all cases of lupus.
Obj Lymphatic System

53. The Lymphatic System Lupus erythematosus
Other Symptoms: depends on which body systems are affected by the disease. The most common signs and symptoms include:
Fatigue and fever
Joint pain, stiffness and swelling
Butterfly-shaped rash on the face that covers the cheeks and bridge of the nose
Skin lesions that appear or worsen with sun exposure (photosensitivity)
Fingers and toes that turn white or blue when exposed to cold or during stressful periods (Raynaud's phenomenon)
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Dry eyes
Headaches, confusion and memory loss
Signs and symptoms may come on suddenly or develop slowly, may be mild or severe, and may be temporary or permanent. Most people with lupus have mild disease characterized by episodes — called flares — when signs and symptoms get worse for a while, then improve or even disappear completely for a time.

54. Watch Youtube Video Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)……… http://youtu
Obj Lymphatic System

55. The Lymphatic System Lymphadenitis Lymph aden itis What is it?
LYMPHADENITIS – enlargement of the lymph nodes, occurs when infection is present and body is attempting to fight off the infection – generalized enlargement
Obj Lymphatic System

56. The Lymphatic System Lymphedema
Lymphatic obstruction is a blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body and allow immune cells to travel where they are needed. Lymphatic obstruction may cause lymphedema, which means swelling due to a blockage of the lymph passages.
Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic.
Obj Lymphatic System

57. The Lymphatic System Scleroderma
Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that involves changes in the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs.
Autoimmune disorder, a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue.
Symptoms:
Fingers or toes that turn blue or white in response to hot and cold temperatures
Hair loss
Skin hardness
Skin that is abnormally dark or light
Skin thickening, stiffness, and tightness of fingers, hands, and forearm
Tight and mask-like skin on the face
Joint pain
Obj Lymphatic System

58. The Lymphatic System Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils due to bacterial or viral infection
Treatment: antibiotics if bacterial
Obj Lymphatic System

59. Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes……….
Obj Lymphatic System

60. Watch Youtube Video Lymph Nodes……….
Obj Lymphatic System