1. Critique labels

2. History of Immigration
Back to days of explorers
Seek refuge from Oppression of Europe
Irony is the pejorative nature of treatment by dominant culture

3. Expanding Forms of discrimination
Women, the elderly, personal with physical disabilities, sexual orientation,
Woman $.77 on the dollar
Largest group of poor in US (female headed families)
Elderly 22% of country’s poor (13%)

4. Definitions Dominant & subordinate groups
Race (physical characteristics) & ethnic groups(cultural heritage)
Prejudice (attitudes)
Discrimination (behavior)
Individual racism (acts by a single person(s)
Institutional racism (acts by group with support of organization/community norms)
Discrimination-saying a job or apartment is filled
Prejudice expect Latinos to bounce check
Ind racism-disregard the ?’s of gay students
Insti racism-not enforce a dress code with one group but enforce with another

5. Theories of Racism Assimilation-adaptation to dominant culture
Pluralism-retain their own unique character & traits
Colonialism-dominant group maintains control over group
Separatism-groups divorce themselves from mainstream society
European adopt American tradition of material success-assimilation

6. Why the difference? Adorno’s authoritarian personality
Power, good vs. bad, project blame on others
Power is often a common element
Preservation of power is critical element of dis/prej
Race is becoming obscure while prej/disc remains

7. Perspective CONSERVATIVE Government intervention is unneeded
Opportunity does not discriminate
Difficulties lie within the ind
Immigrants must know how to exploit our economic system

8. Liberal Social Structural Causes Government intervention is warranted
Unemployment, education, housing should be supported for those that have suffered from discrimination
War on Poverty-welfare benefits & services, job training & early childhood education

9. Radical Agree with social structural view
Power is critical in dominant-subordinate relationship
Conflict among subordinate groups is often encouraged
Until wealth & resources are redistributed there will be no dent in the structure

10. History Multiculturalism Interaction and co-existence
40% of Americans under 25 are folks of color
Race has lost its meaning
Competition b/w groups of color

11. Immigration
Long history of Europeans, African Americans, Asians, Latinos
Always met a need “cheap labor”-Mexicans in the 30’s, Puerto Ricans in 50’s,
Immigration Act of 1965 opened doors to immigrants from Mexico, Central America & Asia
1994 Prop 187 barred illegal immigrants from public schools & non-emer health services
1996 Illegal Immigration Refrom & Immigrant Resp Act doubled border patrol, fines for hiring & limited public bennies, deportation for crimes

12. Undocumented worker Membership in society restricted
Fit niche of workers, pay taxes, buy goods & services, revitalize poor neighborhoods,
Jobs Americans are not filling
2004 Bush proposed program of temp worker status for 3 yrs>employer benefits with employer sponsor
Some criticize role of employer, others call it illegal amnesty, possibility of being deported in 3 years.

13. Affirmative Action
Programs designed to offer access to power & opportunity
Bakke decision of 1978 race could be considered in admissions
’96 Calif. Prop 209 no preferential treatment
U of Texas cannot be used in admissions, recruitment, $ aid
U of Mich diversity critical component of higher ed
Research shows that both whites and blacks benefit from diversity

14. Separatism vs Integration
Separatism can preserve culture (tirbal traditions)
Colleges/ Universities in South preserve historically black colleges
Gay/Lesbian pops. Created separate social groups & advocacy orgs & safety from hostile world
Mass court sanctioning gay marriage-integration
Support for Ban on Gay marriages
1990 Americans with Disabilities Act “reasonable access”
1978 Indian Child Welfare Act-standards for child removal based on values of indigenous persons
Client-worker matching-personal experience versus possbile expertise

15. Social Work Roles Related to Responsibility
Social Workers are susceptible to prejudice
Practices to prevent
Recognize biases
Sensitivity- learn languages, travel, consult with folks from other cultures
Understand values of other cultures
Individual, agency, policy level
Recognition of power differential