1. Chapter 7
Caring for your Body

2. Caring for your Skin
Your skin is made up of two basic layers: 1. Epidermis – the outer layer of skin. 2. Dermis – the layer of living cells below the epidermis. * these two layers protect you from germs that could enter your body. * when your skin is punctured or cut, you risk getting infections. Skin Contains: 1. nerve endings – gives you a sense of touch. 2. pores – allows sweat to escape to keep you cool and eliminates waste. 3. hairs 4. layer of fat – helps keep us warm 5. oil glands – make oil that helps keep your skin soft and flexible. *sometimes glands make too much oil and the pores can get clogged. Acne – inflammation of the skin that happens when pores get clogged with dirt and oil. Pimples – bumps that develop from acne.

3. Caring for you skin How to care for your skin:
Wash thoroughly and often.
Gets rid of dirt, sweat and bacteria.
Sweating caused bacteria to multiply and thus causes body odor.
Treat your skin on your face gently
This part of your skin is very sensitive.
Use warm (not hot) water and mild soap
Be gentle with skin that has acne
Don’t squeeze or disrupt pimples.
Relieve stress in healthy ways.
Stress can cause and make acne worse.
Get plenty of rest
Eat a balanced diet and drink plenty of water.
Food doesn’t cause acne but eating right and keeping fluids in your body helps your skin get the nutrients it needs to stay healthy.
Keep your skin safe from getting too much sun.
Sunlight can damage your skin. Use plenty of sunscreen that has an SPF of 15 or higher.
You can also wear clothing that will protect your from the sun.
Examples: hat, sunglasses, wet dry clothing.

4. Caring for your Hair Hair
Grows from follicles on almost every part of our body.
Is made out of Keratin which allows for the hair to stick out of from the surface of the skin.
Two ways hair helps us:
Hair traps air near your skin and works as insulation to keep us warm.
Hair helps you sense the world around us. When something touches the hair on our body the nerve endings let us know something is near our body.
Hair Care:
Keeping your hair neat and clean keeps it healthy.
Trimming and cutting your hair keeps it neat.
Brush and washing your hair regularly.
Problems with Hair Care:
Dandruff – dry scalp that can make flaky, dried clumps of dead cells.
* Use mild shampoos and warm water so that you don’t dry out your scalp.
Head Lice – small insects that live on the scalp and suck blood.
* Do not share hats, combs, brushes or any other items that can transfer things to you.

5. Caring for your nails Nails
They grow from nail beds that are located under your skin.
Like hair, nails are made from keratin but forms hard layers on your nail.
They help protect sensitive ends of fingers and toes.
Cuticle – a thin flap of skin around the nail.
This sometimes becomes dry and cracks.
Use lotion on your hands to keep them soft and healthy.
Nail Care:
1. Keep finger nails and toe nails cleaned and trimmed.
Germs and dirt collect under nails.
2. Wash your hands carefully cleaning under the nails with a brush.
3. Do not bite your fingernails due to the germs that collect under our nails.
4. Use clippers or nail scissors to trim your nails.

6. Caring for your Teeth
Taking care of your teeth is very important. If you lose a permanent tooth, it will not grow back.
By the time you are 6 or 7 you begin losing your baby teeth. By the time you are 14 you should have 28 permanent teeth.
You may get 4 more teeth by the time you are 20. These are called Wisdom Teeth.
Teeth are very important for chewing. Imagine biting into an apple with no teeth.
Teeth are also helpful when speaking. Your tongue and lips touch your teeth when saying something. Say “Fine Teeth”

7. Structure of the Teeth Crown – Visible part of the tooth.
Enamel – the hard, white substance that covers the crown.
This is the hardest substance in the body.
Dentin – supports the enamel and surrounds the pulp.
Pulp – the soft tissue that contains nerve tissue and blood vessels.
Neck – connects the crown to the root.
Root – holds the tooth in the gum.
Gum – soft tissue surrounding the teeth.

8. Anatomy of the tooth

9. Tooth and Gum Problems
If you don’t take care of your teeth, small problems will become big problems.
Problems:
Gums - they should be bright pink and free from sores.
Plaque – mixture of bacteria, saliva, and food particles that is very sticky and binds to the enamel of your teeth.
*Bacteria and acid in plaque can cause bad breath and cavities.
Cavity –a hole in your tooth made by acids. The acid eventually will eat through the enamel and make a hole. This process is called tooth decay.
*If the cavity is not filled, the hole will continue the dentin and reach the pulp where the sensitive nerves are. This will the give you a toothache.
*See the dentist right away.

10. Ways to keep your teeth
Brush your teeth. Helps get rid of plaque before it binds to your teeth.
Brush your teeth properly. Up and down, back and forth.
Brush right after you eat a meal.
Brush at least twice a day. After breakfast and before bed.
Brush your gums.
Floss your teeth. Use this for hard to reach areas between teeth and below the gum.
Use tooth paste that contains fluoride.
Use a tooth brush with soft bristles and replace every few months.
Eat plenty of fresh fruits and veggies.
Drink milk and eat yogurt and cheese. This helps provide calcium needed for strong teeth.
Avoid eating too many sweets. Soft, gooey foods stick to your teeth promoting cavities.
Don’t use your teeth to pry things open. This can cause them to chip and break.
Wear a mouth guard when playing sports.
Visit a dentist every 6 months.

11. Caring for the Eye Good vision is very important.
Your eye sense color, shape, and movement of the world around you.
You depend on your eyes to recognize people, see something coming at you and watch things.

12. Structure of the Eye
Eyelids – protects your eyes and bathes them in tears to remove dust and harmful bacteria.
Cornea – light first passes in the clear, protective structure at the front of the eye.
Iris – The colorful part of the eye and controls the amount of light that enters by opening and closing the pupil.
Pupil – a hole in the iris. It gets bigger in low light and smaller in bright light.
Lens – focuses the light on the retina at the back of the eye.
Retina – contains millions of light-sensitive cells that detect the energy from the light and sends it to the optic nerve.
Optic Nerve – the nerve that sends the signal to the brain to see the images you see.

13. Anatomy of the Eye

14. Eye Problems
Nearsightedness – seeing things at a distance. Need glasses. Farsightedness – seeing things close up. Need glasses. Astigmatism – seeing things clearly. Need glasses. Colorblindness – telling the difference between certain colors. No treatment.

15. Ways to care for your Eyes
Wear protective face mask or goggles when you could be hit or hurt. Ex: science labs, sports, working with tools
Wear sunglasses. Prevents damage from the sun.
Don’t rub your eyes. Rubbing can spread germs from hands to eyes and lead to infections.
Get regular eye exams.
Never wear glasses that are prescribed for someone else.

16. Caring for Your Ears
To care for your ears, you need to know how the ear works.
Sound waves are caused by vibrations that travel through solids, liquids and air.
Sound waves ender the outer ear to the middle ear and through the canal to the eardrum and onto the inner ear.

17. Structure of the ear
Outer Ear – outer most part of the ear. Including the ear canal.
Ear canal – the canal that travels from the outside of the body to the middle ear.
Ear drum – located at the very end of the Ear Canal that sends vibrations to the 3 tiny bones.
Middle ear – the middle part of the ear that includes the end of the ear canal, the ear drum, and 3 tiny bones (Hammer, Anvil and stirrup).
Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup – 3 tiny bones that vibrate when moves sound to the cochlea.
Cochlea – tiny, snail-shaped, fluid-filled part of the inner ear.
*The fluid moves when vibrations come into the inner ear.
* Cells convert these vibrations into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain and processed into a recognizable sound.

18. Anatomy of the Ear

19. Hearing Problems 1. Loud Sounds
Vibrations occur in the inner ear very delicately.
Loud sounds will damage the cells in the inner ear that detect the sounds.
Frequent exposure to loud sounds can kill cells and cause permanent hearing loss.
2. Earwax build up – anything that block the ear canal can create hearing problems.
* Wax builds up an hardens in the canal blocking sound waves and prevents the eardrum from vibrating.
3. Middle-Ear Infections – infections can cause fluid buildup, which can also prevent the eardrum from vibrating properly.

20. Hearing and Ear Care
The best way to keep your ears healthy and working well is to protect them from loud sounds and keep them clean.
Wear ear protection whenever you are around loud sounds. Ear plugs…
Don’t put anything into your ear canal. This can damage the eardrum.
Clean you ears while you are in the shower washing your hair.

21. Healthcare Resources
Healthcare Consumer – anyone who pays for healthcare products or services.
Healthcare products – things that help you get or stay well. Medicine, soap, sun glasses, etc.
Healthcare services – the care of any professional who treats a medical problem or helps you stay well.

22. Healthcare Influences
Many factors influence your choice of healthcare products and services.
Advertising – TV, radio, magazines and billboards all have ad trying to get you to buy and use.
Tradition – You choose to buy something because you or your family has always used it.
Peer Pressure – You may buy something because your friends and classmates buy it.

23. Smart Shopping
Being a smart consumer gathers a lot of information about a product or service before paying for it.
Ask your parents or a healthcare professional for advice.
Good healthcare products will work well and will be endorsed by medical and dental groups.
Watch out for wild claims, quick fixes and sound to good to be true products.
Figure out the unit price will help with finances.
Unit price – the cost of the item divided by the amount of the item.
Two similar mouthwashes cost $2.50 a bottle. One has 12 oz. and the other has 20 oz. bigger bottle cost .13 per ounce and the smaller bottle costs .21 per ounce. The bigger bottle has a lower unit price.

24. Healthcare Providers
Healthcare provider – any professional who helps people stay healthy.
Dentist – checks your teeth.
Orthodontist – gives you braces.
General Practitioner – a doctor who treats people who have common medical problems.
Specialist – general practitioner may send you to a doctor who is an expert in the particular medical field you need.

25. Talking about your Health
When visiting the doctor, nurse, or other healthcare provider, always communicate clearly and completely.
The doctor or nurse will examine you, however, they will rely on what you say.
Don’t be shy or embarrassed. They are used to hearing about peoples bodies and concerns.
If you have questions, you should write them down ahead of time so you wont forget.
Clearly describe the pain or problems you are having and how long they have been affecting you.
Make sure you understand everything before you leave.

26. Local and Federal Agencies
Local Healthcare agencies – individuals or services that help keep us healthy. - Trash and garbage collection - Wastewater treatment - Water treatment - Restaurant Inspectors - Providing Information - EMS Federal Healthcare Agencies – federal government and national organization play a role in healthcare. - National Institutes of Health(NIH) – conducts research to help develop treatments for diseases. *they also make recommendations to the consumer and healthcare professionals on health-related issues. - Food and Drug Administration (FDA) – responsible for approving both foods and drugs for widespread use. - Other federal organizations may help people pay for healthcare.