1. Jainism and Islam

2. Jainism
O’ Riley, pp
Fonder: Mahavira (“The Great Hero”) BCE
There are 24 tirthankaras, “Pathfiners.”; they are known as jinas, “visits” or “Heroes.”
Goals: break out of the life cycle by living pure lives; hope to perfect their jiva, “soul,” or “high consciousness”

3. 3.31 The Ascetic Gommata, Karnataka, 10th century (H: 18.29 m)

4. 3.32 Jain Temple at Mount Abu, Rajasthan, 1031

7. Islamic Art and Architecture
Islam religion 7th century
Monotheistic religion
Muhammad was the founder
Mecca (Saudi Arabia)--most sacred site where the kaaba is housed
Koran--sacred text
Five Pillar of Islam: Faith (There is no gods but God), prayer, fasting in the Ramadan, contribution to the Islamic community, pilgrim to Mecca.
Two types of religious architecture: Mosque and Tomb
O’Riley, pp

8. 3.33 Jahangir Seated on an Allegorical Thorne, Mughal, c. 1625

9. Shan Jahan

10. 3.34 Taj Mahal, Mughal, Agra,

11. Taj Mahal Taj Mahal (“Crown of the Palace”) is located in Agra
It was built as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal (“Light of the palace”), Shan Jahan’s wife built between
Built of white marble and decorated with semi precious gems; motifs: floral, vegetation, geometric abstract motifs and calligraphy (
It bulbous dome; pointed arches
Garden represents paradise

12. Islamic motifs
Prohibit figurative forms (architecture cannot be decorated with human or animal figures
Allows Geometric, abstract, floral and vegetation motifs
Arabesques-complex geometric patterns and scrolling vines
Calligraphy-drawn from the Koran
Rugs
Garden represents paradise-water, trees, and flowers with variety of scents and colors