1. Connecting From the Inside Out Mindful Awareness and Interpersonal Effectiveness
Zindel V. Segal

6. John was on his way to school.

7. John was on his way to school.
Who is John?

8. He was worried about the math lesson

9. He was worried about the math lesson
Who is John?

10. He was not sure he could control the class again today.

11. He was not sure he could control the class again today.
Who is John?

12. It was not part of a caretaker’s duty.

13. It was not part of a caretaker’s duty.
Who is John?
Do you notce the mental model
Do you notice the updating of the mental model
Our minds do this quite easily and it is only when we play this type of trick on them that we can become aware of the commentary
We are making meaning and we are barely conscious that we are doing it
Once we have made the inference the emotion follows behind it
I’d call this an inner resource

14. Discrepancy Reduction
Pattern Recognition
Threat Detection
Discrepancy Reduction
I’d call this an inner resource
A Brain that is specialized for Recognizing patterns, detecting threats and reducing discrepancies between what where we are where we want to get to is a good thing to have available
It has also served us very well from an evolutionary and survival perspective

15. MINDFULNESS

16. Three Minute Breathing Space
This demonstrates a different way of knowing our experience
Perhaps a bit more effortful, than pattern recognition or creating stories
Invites us to have a different relationship to mental chatter

17. 3-Minute Breathing Space
1. Awareness - Noting what you are feeling.
2. Redirecting- Bringing attention to the breath.
3. Expanding - Expanding awareness to include a sense of the whole body.

18. What is Mindfulness?
Mindfulness is a type of awareness that is developed by paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and without judgment.
Like any skill it takes practice.
Skill
Capacity that mindfullness enhances
Emotional Intelligence (the current buzz word for a member of the audience is Positive Itelligence)

19. Doing Mode Being Mode Discrepancy Reducing Problem Solving
Story Creating
Drawing on Past and Present
Mainly Sensory
Little Verbal Activity
Loose Connections Tolerated
Present Focused
For the purposes of drawing out these two inner resources, I have named them
Doing Mode and Being Mode These are some of their characteristics

20. THE “PRESENT-MOMENT” PATHWAY
Craig, 2009

21. Right Insula Increases Related To Mindfulness Training
Farb et al., 2013

22. Opposing Effects of Relaxation and Mindfulness Training (Farb et al
Opposing Effects of Relaxation and Mindfulness Training (Farb et al., in prep)

23. Knowing What We Know In Two Different Modes
Narrative Focus
Experiential Focus
Here is some of the neural evidence that our brains can support these two different modes
Narrative focus on our mental models versus experiential focus on our mental models is supported different brain regions
Farb et al., 2007

24. “Once we see clearly what's going on in the moment WE CAN CHOOSE how to act on what we're seeing." Sharon Salzberg
Choice is informed by our Intentions
Intentions determine our actions
Our actions create our footprint in the world

25. Choice Permits Intention Intention Informs Action
Action Is Your Footprint In the World
A blueprint form mindful living
And
The rest is up to you

26. Mindful Resources That Support Greater Interpersonal Connection
ADD
Concentration
Grounding
Equanimity
Kindness
REMOVE
Distraction
Habit
Automaticity
Judgment
In terms of specific resources, we can think of it in these terms

27. Interpersonal Mindfulness in Action
Listening with beginner’s mind, as if for the first time
Trusting in the process and in your capacity to guide the process skillfully.
Being open to the outcome, to whatever will arise.
Accepting what your client is saying or doing, even if it is difficult to hear - as a starting point
Slowing down before you begin to communicate.
Paying attention to the breath for a few moments before initiating a conversation, especially if it is expected to be unpleasant.
In terms of specific resources, we can think of it in these terms

28. Would Give Your Seat To A Stranger?
Pim et al., 2015

29. Peer Ratings of Prosocial Behaviors in 9-11 Year Olds
Schonert-Reichl, 2015

30. Mindfulness Based Interventions
8 weekly group sessions of 2 – 2.5 hours duration
Homogenous or mixed diagnostic group composition

31. Gradient of Attentional Focus in Mindfulness Training
Tangible
Intangible
Raisin
Body Scan
Mindful Walking or Stretching
Sitting with the Breath
Sitting with Sounds
Sitting with Thoughts
Sitting with a Difficulty

32. Making the Practice Accessible

33. Scope of Clinical Application
Depression Relapse Prevention (Teasdale et al, 2000)
Treatment Refractory Depression (Eisendrath et al., 2008)
Non Melancholic Depression (Manicavasgar et al., 2011)
Bipolar Disorder (Weber et al., 2010)
GAD (Evans et al., 2008)
Panic Disorder (Kim et al., 2010)
Cancer: Mood symptoms (Sharplin et al., 2010), Fatigue (van Der Lee & Garssen, 2010)
Insomnia (Britton et al., 2010)
Hypochondriasis (Lovas, 2010; Williams et al., 2011)
Anxiety Disorders in Children (Semple & Lee, 2010)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Rimes & Wingrove, 2011)
Tinnitus (Philippot et al., 2011)
Social phobia (Piet et al., 2010)

34. Kuyken et al., 2015

35. Cumulative proportion of unstable remitters who survived without relapse during maintenance/follow-up
Segal et al., 2010. 35

37. FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SADNESS...
Biological Psychiatry – 2011 – ASK NORM
Dr. Farb and colleagues took this same idea, and put it to work in an fmri paradigm. In a 2011 study published in Biological Psychiatry, patients with remitted depression were contrasted with healthy controls on a mood induction paradigm.
In both groups, it was observed that sadness triggers the cortical midline, and disengages the sensory regions
Evaluation Network Goes Up...
Present moment network
goes down…
Farb et al., 2010 37

38. MINDFULLNESS TRAINING: REDUCES THE TRADEOFF...
x = 8
x = 35
Evaluation
Reduced
Present Moment
Restored
Farb et al., 2010

39. ANCHORED IN EMOTIONALLY TURBULENT WATERS

40. GREATER POSITIVITY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Geschwind et al., 2011

41. LESS A TREATMENT – MORE A WAY OF LIFE