1. Impact of race and racism on education/How to talk to kids about Race and Racism
drbriscoesmith.com
Please find links, resources and way of contacting me here

2. Yes, even kids
Think back and remember what’s your first race related memory? How old were you?
Infants as young as 6 months can reliably identify racial differences
By age 2 1/2 -3 indicate preferences
Same gender and same race preferences in peer selection/proximity
Paradox for black young children by around 36 months
The Clarks and the doll test/ replicated in 2014 with Anderson Cooper
Most of this research from katz and Kofkin

3. Development & Trends
Francis Aboud’s social developmental processing theory
Related to ability to categorize
Children between 4-7 with advanced abilities to classify/categorize actually LESS prejudiced
Understand/mastery of conservation
Out group bias spikes between 7-9 and then reduction (may be due to social desirability)

4. Implicit Attitudes Definition
“Implicit bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner”
Occur without introspective awareness
Are automatic
Most Americans, regardless of race display pro-white/anti-black bias on IAT
Even children as young as 6 display this bias
“for a deep and lasting equality to evolve, implicit biases must be acknowledged and challenged; to do otherwise is to allow them to haunt our minds, our homes and our society into the next millennium.” (Rudman, 2004 p.139)
minute 2
Or see clip from American Denial documentary
Quote is from the Kirwan institute document p. 6

5. Implicit attitudes Happens at a biological level
IAT linked to fear center activation of brain
Linked to skin conductance tests
More likely to emerge/ or be operated upon when:
Time pressure
Busy
Cognitive overload
When need to make multiple decisions

6. So what…. Impacts decision making Shoot don’t shoot Subtle cues-
Speaking errors
Eye blinking
avoidance
Leakages
Look to Jennifer Eberhardt and Phil Goff’s work on these issues
For details about Implicit bias check out Kirwan Institute
bias/

7. Impact of racism on education
Achievement gap
Engagement gap
Discipline gap
Lower expectations
Internalization of negative stereotypes
Implicit bias implicated in all of the above

8. Debiasing Initial iatrogenic effects of implicit attitude awareness
Having a goal of being aware, trying to be fair is NOT ENOUGH
Take a look at Black Stats by Monique Morris :
Social contact
Meaningful intergroup interactions
smiling
Counter-stereotypic training
Explicitly saying no when faced with a stereotype
Cuing positive exemplars
Didn’t seem to help with Obama though…
Counter-stereotypic image reinforcement
Perspective taking- establishing empathy, write a story from the perspective of your patient
Engaged Processing- making the implicit explicit, slowing down, giving more time

9. Implications
Remember when making multiple decisions, quickly, under time pressure and stress more likely to fall prey to implicit biases
Make the implicit explicit
Take on others perspectives
Accountability- “the implicit or explicit expectation that one may be called on to justify one’s beliefs, feelings, and actions to others”* may combat bias
* Lerner & Tetlock, 1999, p. 255

11. Racial Stress Avoidance We don’t practice
We find these topics hard to deal with
We communicate our discomfort to those around us

12. FAMILY MISSION You can write or draw your answers
What would be your family motto? Think of this as the things you always say in your family like “We are Strong.” “We are lovers” “Work Hard, Learn Lots”
What’s your family mission or vision? Think of this like your values- who you want your family to be- how you want them to act. How can you tell if you are living this vision? What behaviors would you see?
What is your vision of racial justice? What would it look like? What would it feel like? How would you know if you achieved it?

13. Howard Stevenson’s bias reduction
Storytelling
Journaling
Relaxation
Debating
Role-playing
Reflecting
Relaxing
Practicing

14. Language for reflecting:
I noticed
I’d like to check out
Did that just happen
Did we share the same experience
I wonder
I left that interaction feeling
Am I crazy
How I really felt was…

15. Relaxing Practicing How to combat avoidance and fear BREATHE
Mindfulness techniques
Body scan- noticing what’s happening in your body
Becoming familiar with how these events feel
Remembering where you are safe
Practicing
Role playing
Engaging in debate
Trying on conversations
Scripting
Having already available practiced things that you can say when you notice bias