1. Scientific Method – Scientist Working together

2. A question that you want to test. Must be in the form of a question.
Problem
 A question that you want to test. Must be in the form of a question.
Research
 Gathering information on the question
Hypothesis
Prediction of the outcome of the problem and is based on research.
“If…..then…” statement
Experiment
 Test one variable
Have a control to which you will compare results
Repeat this step many times
Collect and Analyze Data
 Document both quantitative and qualitative data
Make graphs and tables to show quantitative data
Find averages of data
Draw a Conclusion
 Summary what happened in your experiment
Identify a real world application
Communicate
 Report findings to public, scientific journal, presentation

3. According to the diagram, which question is being tested?
Do flowering plants grow taller in red, green or yellow light.
How much fertilizer do flowering plants need?
Does adding fertilizer cause flowering plants to grow taller?
What is the best kind of soil to make plants grow taller?

4. 2. According to the diagram, which question is being tested?
Do flowering plants grow taller when watered with salt water?
Does adding fertilizer cause flowering plants to grow taller?
What is the best kind of fertilizer that a gardener can give a flowering plant?

5. 3. What variable describes how tall the plant grows?
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Control

6. 5. What variable describes whether or not the plant receives fertilizer?
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Control

7. 4. What variable describes the size of the pots?
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Control

8. 6. What variable describes the amount of water a plant receives?
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Control

9. A Hypothesis Must Be… Must Be Testable Must Avoid Opinion or Bias
Written as an If…Then… statement
Must avoid Personal Pronouns ( I , Me, We, You)
If (independent variable) , then (dependent variable)

10. Example A hypothesis is a possible answer to a question.
Question: What effect does stirring have on a solutions dissolving rate (time/speed)?
Answer:
Hypothesis : If the water is stirred , then the tablet will dissolve at a faster rate.
IDV : ?
DV: ?

11. Example of Inferences and Predictions
Observation :
The grass on the school’s front lawn is wet.
Prediction:
It will dry by noon.
Possible Inferences:
It Rained.
There is dew on the grass.

12. Multiple trials in the same experiment
Replication
Repetition
Redo whole experiment
Multiple trials in the same experiment

13. Lesson Launcher 9/6
Damon notices the ground outside is wet. He thinks it is wet because of the sprinklers. This is a(n) ___________.
Observation
Inference
Prediction
If a scientist thinks of a new way to build a bridge he is exhibiting what attitude?
Creativity
Honesty
Curiosity
What are the effects of the tide on barnacles? What is the test (independent) variable?
The water quality
The number of barnacles
The different level tides
Once Jason had completed his experiment, he redid the whole experiment again before he published his findings.
What scientific process is Jason exhibiting?
Multiple trials
Replication
Repetition
Why did Jason redo his experiment?
Just because he felt like it
To show his teacher he could repeat his findings
To make sure his findings are valid and correct
What should all scientific investigations be based on?
Opinion
Theory
Evidence

14. Spiraling Lesson Launcher 9/13
What type of heat transfer are the following scenarios? ( radiation , convection , conduction)
Radiation – Heat transfer through light
Convection – Heat transfer through rise and cooling of air / water.
Conduction – Heat transfer through touch
A person placing their cold hands over a warm fire.
Putting your wet shoes on a floor vent to dry them faster
Macaroni rising and falling in a pot of boiling water
Using a heating blanket to get warm
Water being heating in a pot sitting on a hot burner.
A person placing their hand over a hot burner
Picking up a hot cup of coffee
Lying out in the sun to get a tan
Touching a metal spoon that is sitting in a pot of boiling water
Answers
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conduction
Convection

15. How Does Scientific Information Change?
How do scientist form scientific explanations? (pg. 65)
Scientist form scientific explanations by using researching, designing experiments, researching information, and making models.
What is empirical evidence? (pg. 66)
Data and observations that has been collect through the scientific process
How do scientist affect society? (pg. 69)
Scientist affect society when they have a new discovery they have to include the public and defend their discovery.
What is scientific controversy? (69-71)
A disagreement between a scientist’s work and a society's beliefs.
Video Times
3:03
12:00

16. How Does Scientific Information Change?
Describe how each individual changed scientific knowledge. (pg )
Galileo Galilei – changed the solar system model from geocentric to heliocentric.
Ignaz Semmelweis – study maternal death rates and told doctors to wash hands before delivering a baby to decrease maternal death rates
Rachel Carson – wrote a book about pesticides farmers were using that were harming wildlife – got DDT banned
What does the video say about science and its change throughout history?
Animals’ livers have three lobes while humans have two lobes.
Humans do not have curved femur bones but instead straight.
Humans have a single jaw bone not two, like dogs.
Men and women have the same number of ribs.
What is the only reason scientific information changes?
Scientist have to gather evidence through scientific processes for information to change.
Video Times
3:03
12:00

17. How Does Scientific Information Change?
Write the following questions on odd page in notebook. Leave room for your answers.
What is empirical evidence? (pg. 66)
Data and observations that have been collected through scientific processes
How do scientist affect society? (pg. 69)
When they have a new discovery they have to include the public and defend their discovery.
Describe how each individual changed scientific knowledge. (pg )
Galileo Galilei – changed the solar system model from geocentric to heliocentric.
Ignaz Semmelweis – study maternal death rates and told doctors to wash hands before delivering a baby to decrease maternal death rates
Rachel Carson – wrote a book about pesticides farmers were using that were harming wildlife – got DDT banned

18. How Does Scientific Information Change?
What does the video say about science and its change throughout history?
Animals’ livers have three lobes while humans have two lobes.
Humans do not have curved femur bones but instead straight.
Humans have a single jaw bone not two, like dogs.
Men and women have the same number of ribs.
What is the only reason scientific information changes?
Scientist have to gather evidence through scientific processes for information to change.

19. Lesson Launcher 9/19 How do you know if an object will float or not?
The object will float if its density is less than the liquid its in. The object will sink if the density is more than the liquid it is in.
Density less than liquid = float
Density more than liquid = sink
An object has a mass of 10g and volume 2cm3. Will the object float in water?
Sinks because its density is 5 g / cm3 which is greater than water’s density of 1 g / cm3
An object has a mass of 5g and volume 10cm3. Will the object float in water?
Floats because its density is .5 g / cm3 which is less than water’s density of 1 g / cm3 .
Density = mass divided by volume

20. Skills of a Scientist Observing – using senses to gather information
Inferring – using evidence to make statement about past / present
Predicting – using evidence to make statement about future
Classifying – putting things in alike groups
Evaluating – using data and observation to reach a conclusion
Making models – representation of complex objects to help in understanding

21. Attitudes of a Scientist
Open-mindness – accept new ideas
Skepticism – attitude of doubt
Curiosity – Eagerness to learn
Honesty – Being ruthful
Awareness of bias – likes or cultures do not affect interpretation
Ethics – sense of right or wrong
Creativity – inventive ways to solve problems