1. Unit 1

2. GPS

3. Global Positioning System
Accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth

4. Cultural Landscape

5. The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group
Imprint left on the land by people
Examples?

6. Distance Decay
The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin
The further apart two locations, the less interaction between the two

7. Toponyms

8. Place name
How are places named?

9. Projections/distortions

10. Mercator – distorted at poles
Equal area
Robinson – small land areas
Shape, distance, size, direction

11. Types of diffusion

12. Relocation
Expansion
Hierarchical
Contagious
Stimulus

13. Environmental Determinism

14. Physical environment causes social development
Human activity in places that are suitable
Opposite?

15. GIS
Geographic Information System
Layers of information

16. Site vs. Situation

17. Site – Location of a place, physical characteristics
Situation – location of a place relative to other places

18. What is geography?
Geo – earth
Graphy – study of, writing about

19. Latitude/Longitude

20. Geographic grid
Show absolute location

21. Scale

22. Refers to the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size
Large scale map?
Small scale map?

23. Spatial Interaction

24. Relies on connectivity, accessibility
Relationship between locations across space

25. Time-Space Compression

26. Reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place due to advances in technology

27. Unit 2

28. Characteristics of LDCs

29. High/moderate population growth
Short life expectancies
High TFR
High CBR
Low CDR
Lower status of women
DTM stages?

30. Population Pyramids

31. Show men/women in age intervals
What do they look like in Stage 2 of DTM?
Stage 4?
Other scenarios – college towns, retirement communities, military bases, etc

32. Demographic Momentum

33. Total population will continue to grow even after fertility rates are at or below replacement level

34. Demographic Transition Model

35. Stage 1 – high CBR, high CDR, low growth
Stage 2 – high CBR, low CDR, high growth
Stage 3 – declining CBR, low CDR, moderate/declining growth
Stage 4 – low CBR, low CDR, low growth, ZPG, TFR = 2.1

36. Physiological vs. Arithmetic Density

37. Arithmetic – number of people in total land area
Physiological – Number of people supported by a unit of arable land

38. Malthus

39. Food supply will not be able to sustain population growth
Moral restraint is a solution

40. Guest Workers

41. Temporary migration to obtain jobs
Where do they come from in Europe?

42. Immigrant Waves to the US

43. 1840s – Western Europe
1905 – 1914 – Southern/Eastern Europe
Late 20th C/Early 21st C – Asia/Latin America

44. Ravenstein’s Laws

45. Male
Young adult
Travel alone
Travel short distances
Long distances are to cities
Migrate for economic reasons

46. Refugee locations

47. Africa
Middle East

48. Gravity Model

49. Spatial interaction between places is directly related to population size and inversely related to distance

50. Types of Migration

51. Forced/voluntary
International
Internal
Interregional
Intraregional

52. Push/Pull Factors

53. Push – reasons to leave a place
Pull – reasons to come to a place
Environment, political, economic, social/cultural

54. Demography

55. Study of population

56. Dependency Ratio

57. People who are too young or too old to work

58. Unit 3

59. Ethnocentrism

60. Belief that one’s culture is superior to all others

61. Locations of Spanish-speakers

62. Spain, Central America, South America

63. Diffusion of Pop Culture

64. Fast
Widespread
Hierarchical
Contagious

65. Impact of European Colonization

66. European languages spread throughout the world
Land/indigenous people taken advantage of
Forced/voluntary migration
Establishment of cities/trading ports

67. Concentrations of the Amish

68. Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana

69. Characteristics of Pop Culture

70. Developed countries
Traceable to a specific hearth
Widespread

71. Lingua franca

72. Language of international communication, used to facilitate trade
Examples?

73. Housing Types

74. Saltbox
I-house
Tidewater
Ranch
Split-level

75. Indo-European language locations

76. Europe
South Asia
North America
Latin America

77. Isogloss

78. Word-usage/language boundary

79. Acculturation

80. Adopting certain customs of the dominant host society in order to advance socioeconomically, while still retaining many native customs, practices and beliefs

81. Pidgin language

82. A simplified form of a language that speakers of two different languages use to communicate

83. Sequent Occupance

84. Imprints of cultures on the landscape

85. Most widely spoken language families

86. Indo-European
Sino-Tibetan

87. English language branch

88. Germanic

89. Unit 4

90. Ethnic Religions

91. Appeal to only one group of people
Concentrated in one area
Judaism, Hinduism

92. Religion of East Asia

93. Buddhism
Asian ethnic religions

94. Shiite Muslim locations

95. Iran

96. Monotheistic religions/hearths

97. Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Southwest Asia

98. Architectural types/places of worship

99. Mosques – minarets/dome
Pagodas – tiers
Churchs - crosses

100. Diffusion of Islam

101. Southwest Asia to North Africa/Central Asia/Indonesia

102. Diaspora

103. Dispersion of Jews by the Romans from Southwest Asia all throughout Europe

104. Religious toponyms

105. Christian toponyms often named after saints

106. Sharia law

107. Moral code and religious law
Islamic countries

108. White flight

109. Whites leave a neighborhood in anticipation of blacks and other minorities moving in
Result of realtors blockbusting

110. Zionism

111. Desire to create a Jewish homeland

112. Sacred places

113. Christianity?
Islam?
Judaism?
Hinduism?

114. Islam beliefs/practices

115. 5 pillars of faith One god Prayer 5 times a day Charity
Fasting during Ramadan
Pilgrimage to Mecca

116. Religions/locations in the US

117. Baptist – Southeast
Lutheran – Upper Midwest
Mormons – Utah/West

118. Caste System

119. Strict social structure in Hinduism