1. Cancer Uncontrollable or abnormal growth of abnormal cells.
1st leading cause of death is having a heart attack
Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death among adults
Between 5-10% of cancers are hereditary

2. Tumor Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body.
Types of Tumors:
Benign tumors- non cancerous, grow slowly surrounded by a membrane preventing them to spread from site.
Benign can be dangerous only if it interferes with normal body functions.
Ex (Brain tumor- can block blood flow.)
Malignant- cancerous, spreads through body
Made up of cells that grow out of control

3. Vocabulary Words
Metastasis- The spread of cancer from the point where it originated to the other parts of the body.
Enters 1 of 2 systems- circulatory or lymphatic
Carcinogen- A cancer causing substance (often referred to as an environmental factors)
60% of all cancers can be prevented through lifestyle choices.
Tobacco use- major cause of cancer deaths in the US and the most preventable.
Nearly 1 in 5 deaths are due to smoking or exposure to Second hand smoke.
Examples of Carcinogens (5)
Tobacco Use
Nutrition
Ultraviolet Light
Workplace exposures
Radiation
Agent orange
Asbestos
Hair Dyes
Household exposures
Pesticides
Cleaning Products
Old Paint
Pollution
Alcohol

4. Types of Cancer (3) Lymphoma- cancer of the immune system
Begins in infection-fighting cells
Very treatable (most cases can be cured)
Leukemia- cancer of the blood
Abnormal rise in number of white blood cells
Carcinoma- cancer of the glands and the body linings
(skin and the linings of digestive tract and lungs)
Oral, lung, breast, prostate, colon, pancreas, ovaries
Sarcoma- cancer of connective tissues
(bones, ligaments, and muscles)
Very rare
Treatable
Reproductive Cancer-
Prostate > Males(50^)
Testicular> Males(15-34)
Cervical>Women(15-20)
Breast>Women(40^)

5. Types of Cancer Pap smear Cancer Factors Symptoms Screening
Skin-most common
Ultraviolet rays
Tanning beds
Mole or freckle that changes, or discharge
Biopsies
Breast- 2nd leading cause of death for women
Obesity, alcohol, physical inactivity, genetic factors
Unusual lump, changes in shape
Mammogram
Self-exam
Prostate- 2nd leading and most common in men over 55yrs
High fat diet, Hereditary
Painful urination, blood in urine or semen
Blood test
Lung- leading cause of death in the U.S. in both genders.
Cigarettes
No initial symptoms. Later- coughing and shortness of breath
Chest x-ray
Cervical-15,000 diagnosis per year
History of infection w/ HPV(human papillomavirus)
Later- abnormal vaginal bleeding
Pap smear
Testicle- Most common for younger men b/c of higher levels of testosterone
Family history of testicular cancer, steroid use
Small, hard painless lumps on testicle. Pain between scrotum & anus

6. Diagnosing Cancer Regular physical exams (yearly visit)
Self-exams once a month
Be familiar with your own body
Don’t ignore your body!
Biopsy – surgical removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination of cancer cells
C.A.U.T.I.O.N

7. Warning signs (3) Changes in bowel movements A sore that doesn’t heal
Looser stool or more often
A sore that doesn’t heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Vaginal bleeding, blood in pee or coughing up
Thickening Lump
Indigestion, trouble swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

8. Prevention Know your health history Do self exams- once a month
Avoid sunburn
Use sunscreen
Check ups (yearly and as needed)
Don’t smoke & exercise regularly
Proper Diet

9. Treatments (4)
Surgery- is the standard method of removing tumors or affected area
Radiation- uses energy from radium that can pinpoint and penetrate a tumor. The energy destroys the tumor by damaging DNA inside cell nuclei. This is usually done in an area that is an awkward place (head, neck)
Risk: Radiation damages the normal cells in it’s path.
Chemotherapy- use of anticancer medications to treat cancer. They are administered through IV injection and only attack the abnormal cells.
Hormone Therapy- when specific hormones are injected into the patient to prevent abnormal cells from being able to reproduce and continue to grow.
Early detection improves the survival rate of ALL cancers

10. Effects of Cancer Treatments (5)
Fatigue
Pain
Mouth & Throat Sores
Diarrhea
Nausea & Vomiting
Chemo Brain
Constipation
Appetite Loss
Hair Loss
Emotional & Psychological Problems
Jimmy V