1. PARTICIPLES

2. WHAT ARE PARTICIPLES? VERBAL ADJECTIVES I.E. VERBS THAT DESCRIBE NOUNS
E.G THE RUNNING MAN; A LOVING WIFE; A SCOLDED CHILD

3. Are there different kinds of participles?
Yes, because participles are VERBal adjectives they have tenses and voices just like VERBS.
There are three tenses for participles: present, perfect, future (like English’s present, past, future)
Participles can be Active or Passive voice
Most participles are either present active or perfect passive

4. HOW DO I IDENTIFY PARTICIPLES?
LOOK FOR –NS OR –NT__ ENDINGS
These will be PRESENT ACTIVE participles
LOOK FOR VERB FORMS THAT END –US, -A, -UM
These will be PERFECT ACTIVE/PASSIVE participles

5. HOW DO I TRANSLATE PARTICIPLES?
PRESENT ACTIVE: -ING
PERFECT ACTIVE: HAVING ________ED
PERFECT PASSIVE: HAVING BEEN __ED
(P.P.P. ALTERNATE _______ED)

6. DO I DECLINE OR CONJUGATE PARTICIPLES?
PARTICIPLE ARE DECLINED
PRESENT PART. USE 3RD DECLENSION
PERFECT PART. USE 1ST/2ND DECL.

7. WHAT IS AGREEMENT? PARTICIPLES ARE ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES AGREE WITH NOUNS IN THREE WAYS:
CASE (nom/gen/dat/acc/abl/voc)
NUMBER (singular/plural)
GENDER (masculine/feminine/neuter)

8. WHY ARE THERE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLES?
SOME VERBS ARE DEPONENT
DEPONENT VERBS LOOK PASSIVE BUT ARE TRANSLATED ACTIVELY
THUS THEIR PARTICIPLES LOOK LIKE PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLES, BUT ARE TRANSLATED AS PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLES

9. THE 6 PERF. ACT. PART. INGRESSUS REGRESSUS ADEPTUS PRECATUS LOCUTUS
CONSPICATUS