1. Vetrova V. Gaydaychuk E. Govorova L.
Slim casting
Vetrova V.
Gaydaychuk E.
Govorova L.

2. Plan of presentation
Role of ceramic in every day life and in manufacture;
Three main forming processes;
Production of ceramic manufacture;
Main stage of ceramic technology;
Slim casting more detail;
Our solution of problem in slim casting.

3. Role of ceramic in every day life and in manufacture
Ceramic products used in the production of high precision engineering, in the construction of spacecraft, in the manufacture of electrical appliances and in the many other industries.

4. Main forming processes
Dry pressing
Extruding
Slip casting

5. Production of ceramic manufacture
Ceramic balls can be used to replace steel in ball bearings.
Their higher hardness means that they are much less susceptible to wear and can offer more than triple lifetimes.

6. Production of ceramic manufacture
Ceramic engines are made of lighter materials and do not require a cooling system and hence allow a major weight reduction.

7. Production of ceramic manufacture
Bio-ceramics:
hydroxyapatite, the natural mineral component of bone, has been made synthetically from a number of biological and chemical sources and can be formed into ceramic materials.

8. The technological scheme of manufacture of a ceramic tile
Basic phases:
1. Preparation of slip;
2. Forming of products;
3. Drying;
4. Preparation of glaze and browning ;
5. Roasting.

9. Dry Pressing
This is the process used to make almost all ceramic tiles. The reasons behind this preference mainly lie in the technical characteristics attainable on the product, the speed and simplicity of the shaping process and the inexpensiveness of the overall technological cycle.

10. Extruding
This shaping technique is mainly used to manufacture ceramic items with a constant cross-sectional area. The extrusion process generally consists of passing a column of body through a shaped opening, known as the extrusion mouth.

11. Slip Casting
Slip casting involves introducing liquid clay, or ‘slip’, into a mould and then removing it again. That may seem simple, but making properly shaped articles requires in-depth technical knowledge.

12. Main applications of the three basic techniques
dry pressing
extruding
slip casting
Floor tiles +
Wall tiles
Trims
Roof tiles
Bricks
Sanitary wares
Table wares (hollow)
(*)
Table wares (flat)
Refractories
Kiln rollers
Insulators
Technical ceramics
Art wares

13. Slip casting
Casting in Plaster Moulds Casting in Polymer Moulds

14. Casting in Plaster Moulds
A plaster mould will only reproduce sharp detail for about fifty casting cycles or so. The ‘slip’, a mixture of finely ground stone and clay with water added to give it a creamy consistency, is poured into the mould from the rim. A percentage of the water is absorbed by the plaster or clay mould itself, thus depositing a layer of clay on the inside.

15. Pressure Casting in Polymer Moulds
Sanitaryware manufacturers are increasingly turning to pressure casting in polymer moulds. Excellent mould life and excellent recovery are two additional benefits – 40,000 casts per mould is not unusual – and A-grade recovery over 95% from cast to boxed has been accomplished in several instances. Yet another advantage of this casting method is that a lower caster skill level is required.

16. Conclusion
Old plant
Plaster moulds
New plant
Polymer moulds

17. Thank you!