1. Western Australian barley update 2016
Blakely Paynter, DAFWA, Northam
29 February Perth

2. Key Messages
Malt / food barley – sow at 120 or 150 plants/m2 with target changing with malt / food variety
Feed barley – sow at 180 plants/m2
Think plants/m2, use kernel weight to convert to kg/ha
Rosalind is the new yield benchmark
Spartacus CL is the new Scope CL
Watch out for changing virulence in NTNB and powdery mildew

3. Western Australian barley update
Part 1 Seed rate

4. What does increasing seed rate do to barley?
↑ number of plants established
↑ biomass at 6 WAS
↓ plant height
has no effect on lodging risk
↑ grain yield before plateauing
↓ kernel weight
↓ hectolitre weight
↑ screenings
↓ grain protein concentration before plateauing
↓ grain brightness

5. All sounds bad……., so lets put it in context
Seed rate study – 2012 and 2013
10 varieties
Bass, Baudin, Buloke, Commander, Flinders, Granger, Hindmarsh, La Trobe, Vlamingh and Wimmera
4 seed rates
50, 100, 200 and 400 plants/m2
8 locations per year
4 locations had two dates of seeding
Nitrogen x seed rate study –
6 varieties
Bass, Buloke, Commander, Granger, La Trobe and Wimmera
3 N rates
0, 30 and 90 kg N/ha
3 seed rates
75, 150 and 300 plants/m2
3 locations per year

6. Plant height (cm, base of ear) Lodging score at harvest (9-0)
∆ = no change
V x SR interaction – 29% trials
V x SR interaction – 22% trials
Source: Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills and Raj Malik, DAFWA, 24 V x SR trials ( )

7. V x SR interaction – 17% trials V x SR interaction – 46% trials
Grain yield (t/ha)
Kernel weight (mg, db)
∆ = 2 mg
∆ = 15 %
V x SR interaction – 17% trials
V x SR interaction – 46% trials
Source: Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills and Raj Malik, DAFWA, 24 V x SR trials ( )

8. Hectolitre weight (kg/hL) Screenings (% < 2.5 mm)
∆ = 2.5 %
V x SR interaction – 50% trials
V x SR interaction – 58% trials
Source: Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills and Raj Malik, DAFWA, 24 V x SR trials ( )

9. Grain brightness (Minolta ‘L*’)
Grain protein (%, db)
Grain brightness (Minolta ‘L*’)
∆ = 0.3 ‘L*’
∆ = 0.4 %
V x SR interaction – 13% trials
V x SR interaction – 38% trials
Source: Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills and Raj Malik, DAFWA, 24 V x SR trials ( )

10. “Receivability” interacted with variety
Source: Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills and Raj Malik, DAFWA, 24 V x SR trials ( )

11. What did we learn from seed rate studies?1
Varieties react similarly to increasing seed rate for grain yield 2
Impact of seed rate on grain quality is small with the impact influenced by variety 3
How a variety responds to increasing seed rate cannot be predicted by knowing how they respond to increasing N 4
The target seed rate for malt / food barley varies by variety

12. What is the recommended seed rate?
Suggested seed rate for barley is 120 – 150 plants/m2
The optimum density (Popt) for grain yield:
137 ± 9 plants/m2 – V x SR series (24 trials)
154 ± 20 plants/m2 – V x N x SR series (9 trials – at 30 N)
What about when you include grain quality?
41 plants/m2
99 plants/m2
220 plants/m2
377 plants/m2
Source: Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills and Raj Malik, DAFWA, 24 V x SR trials ( ) and 9 V x N x SR trials ( )

13. V x N x SR series (9 trials, 30 N)
V x SR series (24 trials)
V x N x SR series (9 trials, 30 N)
Group 1 – Bass, Flinders, Hindmarsh, La Trobe
Group 2 – Baudin, Buloke, Commander, Granger
Group 1 – Bass, La Trobe
Group 2 – Buloke, Commander, Granger
Source: Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills and Raj Malik, DAFWA, 24 V x SR trials ( ) and 9 V x N x SR trials ( )

14. What target density do we suggest?
MALT / FOOD
120 plants/m2
Baudin
Commander
Granger
Scope CL
150 plants/m2
Bass
Flinders
Hindmarsh
La Trobe
FEED
180 plants/m2
Compass
Fathom
Oxford
Rosalind
Spartacus CL
……….
In medium to high rainfall environments with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha

15. What is this density in kg/ha?
Use kernel weight to calculate seed rate in kg/ha
Likely seed rates in kg/ha (varies with kernel weight):
60-75 kg/ha
Baudin, Commander and Granger
65-80 kg/ha
Scope CL
75-90 kg/ha
Flinders, Hindmarsh and La Trobe
80-95 kg/ha
Bass
kg/ha
Feed barley varieties

16. Where to get more information?
Details of our recent seed rate research can be found in the four papers written for this GRDC Research Updates.

17. Western Australian barley update
Part 2 Variety

18. Barley variety menu for 2016
Rosalind, Oxford and Spartacus CL
Baudin and Commander
Flinders, Granger and Hindmarsh
Bass, La Trobe and Scope CL
Nibbles
Appetiser
Entrée
Mains

19. What did we learn from 2015 barley NVT?
New feed barley Rosalind was the highest ranked variety 2
La Trobe was the highest ranked malt variety 3
Flinders = Granger but < La Trobe in 58% and 53% trials 4
New imi-feed barley Spartacus CL > Scope CL in 84% trials 5
La Trobe had most trials meet malt spec of all malt varieties
Source: NVT Online

20. What is the longer term data telling us?
Source: NVT Online

21. What is the longer term data telling us?
Source: NVT Online

22. Notes on newer malt barley varieties
Bass
Powdery mildew and barley leaf rust require fungicide management
Selection rate as malt higher than any other malt variety
Flinders
Small segregation at Cranbrook to be used for international market development
A positive outlook from Australian maltsters
Flinders and Granger competing to replace Bass and Baudin, with both having better powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance than Bass and Baudin
Granger
Strong agronomic credentials including durable mlo resistance to powdery mildew
No tonnage to date for international market development from WA
Volume needed in 2016 to ensure segregations to allow market development
La Trobe
Will start to take over Hindmarsh’s role as most popular variety in WA in 2016
Smut and STNB are major issues requiring good management
International markets starting to recognise La Trobe as a malt barley

23. Notes on newer feed barley varieties
Compass
Malt accreditation delayed another year, earliest now 2018
Economics don’t support growing in 2016 as it doesn’t regularly out-yield La Trobe
Rosalind (tested as IGB1302)
Has 2 – 9% yield advantage over La Trobe across Agzones
Yield advantage almost enough to justify growing, do the numbers for your area
Oxford
Increased virulence of NTNB on Oxford barley (& others) detected, more spraying??
CCDM suggesting virulence to Ml(St) mildew gene, may need to spray??
Spartacus CL (tested as IGB1334T)
Registered for use with Intervix® in 2016
Has 15 – 17% yield advantage over Scope CL (except Agzone 3)
Treat seed with a good quality smuticide and watch for STNB
Being assessed for its potential as a malt barley, accreditation target is 2018

24. Want an April sowing wheat – try barley!
Barley was 1.5+ t/ha higher yielding than wheat with mid-April planting
Barley varieties tested – Bass, Baudin, Compass, Flinders, Granger, Lockyer, La Trobe, Maltstar, Oxford, Rosalind, Scope CL and Urambie
Wheat varieties tested – ADV , Bremer, Calingiri, Cutlass, Harper, LPB , Mace, Magenta, Trojan, Whistler, Yitpi and Zen
Source: Brenda Shackley, Blakely Paynter, Christine Zaicou, Jeremy Curry and Raj Malik, DAFWA

25. Where to get more information?
DAFWA-GRDC sowing guide, MyCrop Barley app, NVT Online and SAGI all provide interpretations of the available NVT data.
Yield ranking by Agzone
Phenology
Agronomic traits
PV-PLUS graphs
Disease resistance
Market demand
Variety fact sheets
Herbicide tolerance

26. Key Messages Since kernel weight changes so should kg/ha seed rate
Seed rate to optimise return varies by variety
High seed rates are not your enemy, but low are
Look out for powdery mildew on Oxford and increased NTNB virulence in barley on south coast
Rosalind and Spartacus CL will have an impact
La Trobe is replacing Hindmarsh

27. DAFWA barley agronomy team
Northam: Blakely Paynter, Georgia Trainor, Sue Cartledge
Katanning: Raj Malik, Rod Bowey
Esperance: Jeremy Curry, Rachel Brunt
Our research is supported by DAFWA with co-funding from the GRDC (DAW00224)
Barley NVTs are supported by the GRDC