1. Splash Screen

2. Section 2: People and Their Environment
Introduction
Section 1: The Economy
Section 2: People and Their Environment
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. Australia and New Zealand are among the world’s leaders in exports of agricultural products. The region’s many unique environments and animal and plant species draw visitors from around the world, leading to the growth of tourism. Even though physical barriers and long distances can be obstacles for the people who live in and visit Australia and Oceania, improved transportation and communications have helped make the region more interdependent.
Chapter Intro 1

4. Section 1: The Economy
The physical environment affects people and their activities. In Australia and Oceania, differences in physical environments affect the economic activities of the region—from the flat, dry landscapes of central Australia to the pastures of New Zealand or the tropical rain forests of the Pacific Islands.
Chapter Intro 2

5. Section 2: People and Their Environment
Human actions modify the physical environment. Australia and Oceania contain some of Earth’s most diverse natural resources and wildlife, but human activities threaten the environment.
Chapter Intro 3

6. Chapter Preview-End

7. The Economy
In Australia and Oceania, differences in physical environments affect the economic activities of the region—from the flat, dry landscapes of central Australia to the pastures of New Zealand or the tropical rain forests of the Pacific Islands.
Section 1-GTR

8. The Economy
station
grazier
copra
devoted
involved
Section 1-GTR

9. The Economy
A. Fiji
B. Papua New Guinea
C. Nauru
Section 1-GTR

10. The Economy
Most of Australia is used for which type of economic activity?
A. Commercial farming
B. Livestock raising
C. Hunting and gathering
D. Commercial fishing A B C D
Section 1

11. Economic Activities
Agriculture is the most important economic activity in Australia and Oceania, but new industries are contributing to national economies.
Australia is the world’s leading producer of wool.
Less than 5% of Australians work in agriculture, but most of land is devoted to livestock.
More than half of New Zealand’s land is used for agriculture.
Section 1

12. Economic Activities (cont.)
Most of Oceania’s land is not arable, but some crops, such as copra, are produced.
Australia is the leading exporter of:
Diamonds
Gold
Bauxite
Opals
Iron ore
Section 1

13. Economic Activities (cont.)
New Zealand has a large aluminum smelting industry.
Food processing is the most important manufacturing activity in Australia and New Zealand, but most products are used within the country.
Australia and New Zealand: Economic Activities
Section 1

14. How much of Australia’s land is arable? A. Less than 5%
B. Less than 10%
C. Less than 15%
D. Less than 20% A B C D
Section 1

15. Transportation and Communications
The physical environment creates obstacles to transportation and communications in Australia and Oceania, but new technologies are helping to conquer these obstacles.
Australia and New Zealand have the most developed road and rail systems in the region.
The following are helping communications within Australia and Oceania and with the rest of the world:
Cellular, digital, Internet and satellite communications
Section 1

16. C. Obstacles to land travel D. All of the above A B C D
Why is transportation and communications difficult within the South Pacific region?
A. Long distances
B. Harsh climates
C. Obstacles to land travel
D. All of the above A B C D
Section 1

17. Trade and Interdependence
Trade between Australia, Oceania, and other parts of the world has increased due to improvements in transportation and communications, as well as to the creation of trade agreements.
The region’s agricultural and mining products are its greatest sources of export income.
Australia’s Trading Partners
Section 1

18. South Pacific countries have in recent years increased trade with which other countries?
A. Japan and China
B. United States
C. Great Britain
D. Sweden and Norway A B C D
Section 1

19. Section 1-End

20. People and Their Environment
Australia and Oceania contain some of Earth’s most diverse natural resources and unique wildlife, but human activities threaten the environment.
Section 2-GTR

21. People and Their Environment
marsupial
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
diatom
introduced species
food web
ozone layer
restore
poses
Section 2-GTR

22. People and Their Environment
A. Tasmania
B. Murray-Darling River Basin
C. Great Barrier Reef
Section 2-GTR

23. People and Their Environment
What in particular is endangering the Great Barrier Reef?
A. Inadequate sanitation
B. Toxic waste
C. Agricultural runoff A B C
Section 2

24. Human Impact on Resources
Australia and Oceania have many natural resources, but the region’s environment is threatened by human activities.
Unique animals in Australia and New Zealand:
Kangaroos
Koalas
Wallabies
Section 2

25. Human Impact on Resources (cont.)
Tasmanian devil
Duck-billed platypus
Echidna
Sea birds and penguins (New Zealand)
The introduction of nonnative species has threatened the native animals in both countries.
Efforts are being made to restore the ecological balance.
Section 2

26. Human Impact on Resources (cont.)
The protection of forest, soil, and freshwater resources is a major concern throughout the South Pacific region.
Threats to the Great Barrier Reef:
Tourists
Boaters
Divers
Oil shale mining
Levels of Coral Bleaching in the Great Barrier Reef
Section 2

27. Human Impact on Resources (cont.)
Increasing water temperature
Water pollution
In the late 1940s and 1950s, the U.S. and other countries carried out aboveground testing of nuclear weapons in the South Pacific.
These tests had a major effect on the people and the environment.
Section 2

28. A. Increasing soil salinity B. Coral bleaching
One of Australia’s most pressing environmental problems today is which of the following?
A. Increasing soil salinity
B. Coral bleaching
C. Extinction of animals
D. Deforestation A B C D
Section 2

29. Challenges for the Future
Environmental concerns related to atmosphere and climate changes threaten Australia and Oceania, as well as other world regions.
The increasing hole in the ozone above Antarctica may contribute to:
Increasing rates of skin cancer and cataracts
Section 2

30. Challenges for the Future (cont.)
Global warming
Increasing ENSO-related weather patterns
The Ozone Hole
Section 2

31. How many square miles was the ozone hole in 2006? A. 9 million
B. 9.5 million
C. 10 million
D million A B C D
Section 2

32. Section 2-End

33. • Most people in Australia and New Zealand work in service industries.
Island Economies
• Australia and New Zealand export large quantities of agricultural products.
• South Pacific island farmers practice subsistence farming and raise pigs and chickens.
• Most people in Australia and New Zealand work in service industries.
• Tourism in the region is growing and its attractions include indigenous cultures, unique wildlife, and interesting geographic features.
VS 1

34. Cleaning Up
VS 2

35. VS-End

36. Figure 1

37. Figure 2

38. Figure 3

39. Figure 4

40. DFS Trans 1

41. DFS Trans 2

42. station
Australian term for an outlying ranch or large farm
Vocab1

43. grazier
person who raises sheep or cattle
Vocab2

44. copra
dried coconut meat
Vocab3

45. marsupial
mammal whose offspring mature in a pouch on the mother’s abdomen
Vocab4

46. introduced species
plants and animals placed in areas other than their native habitat
Vocab5

47. food web
the interlinking chains of predators and their food sources in an ecosystem
Vocab6

48. ozone layer
atmospheric layer with protective gases that prevents solar rays from reaching the Earth’s surface
Vocab7

49. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
a seasonal weather event that can cause droughts in Australia and powerful cyclones in the South Pacific
Vocab8

50. diatom
plankton that flourish in cold ocean waters
Vocab9

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