1. Virus structure, classification, and cycles of infection
By: Sophia Nardo, eve Huynh, Jason Verna, Connor dilissio 

2. Overview Function and Structure of a Virus Types of Viruses
Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
Background of Diseases
ABC Questions 

3. Virus Microscopic agent Reproduces by infecting a host
Tells infected cell to make more viruses
Contain genes
Come in different shapes and sizes 

4. Structures of viruses Contains DNA
Normal function: long term storage of important info
Tells host cells to make more virus infected cells
Surrounded by protein coat (caspid) 
Allows virus to bind to a host

5. Abiotic Classified as nonliving
Unable to do anything until they come into contact with a cell
Wouldn't be able to multiply without a cell
Don't have organelles, nuclei, cytoplasm
Impossible for viruses to have homeostasis 

6. Different viruses Plant viruses only infect plants
Spread from vectors 
Animals and humans can infect each other 
Spread through exposure of bodily fluids
Noroviruses: Contamination of hands, foods, & water
Rotavirus: Direct contact of children 

7. Bacteriophage (Phage)
A virus that infects bacteria
Made up of DNA or RNA
Single or double stranded
Need a host to replicate

8. Adenovirus Cause illness to the respiratory system
Double stranded DNA genome
Wide range of illnesses
Most common in young children
Infections passed on through contact with infected

9. Retrovirus Composed of RNA Reverse transcriptase
Lets virus turn RNA to DNA after entering cell
DNA inserts the nucleus of host and takes over
New DNA called provirus

10. Examples of viruses Lambda Bacteriophage Attaches to E. Coli
Takes over bacteria so no effects or symptoms
Conjunctivitis
Adenovirus 
Redness of the eye
Itchiness or burning
Blurred vision 
Treated as a cold

11. Examples of viruses HIV Retrovirus Starts as a cold Fever Weight loss
Fatigue
Shingles
If not treated turns to AIDS
Antiretroviral drugs

12. Lytic cycle and infection
Virus enters, makes copy, cell bursts
Enter/Attachment
Bacteriophage T4 has DNA inside protein capsid 
Injects DNA into cell
Host cell can't tell difference between the two DNA types
Bacteriophage makes mRNA, translated into viral proteins, chopping up cell DNA and taking over host

13. Lytic cycle cont... Copying Virus makes thousands of copies of own DNA
Viral DNA assembly
Soon infected cell lyses "bursts"
Releases hundreds of virus particles
Because host cell lyses and is destroyed, this process is known as a lytic infection

14. Lysogenic cycle and infection
Lysogenic Infection – a host cell makes copies of the virus indefinitely
Steps:
Virus integrates DNA into DNA of host cell
Viral genetic info. replicates along with the host cell's DNA
Prophage – viral DNA that is embedded in the host’s DNA
Propage can remain part of host cell DNA for many generations before becoming active  lysing the cell

15. Comparing and contrasting both cycles
Lytic Cycle
Lysogenic Cycle
Cell Lyses right away
Virus makes thousands of copies of own DNA
Cell doesn’t lyse right away, remains active for period of time
Virus integrates DNA into host DNA, makes copies indefinitely
Release virus particles

16. Chicken Pox Symptoms: Fever Loss of appetite Tiredness
A general feeling of being unwell
Caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV)
VZV multiplies in the lungs
Causes a wide variety of symptoms
Avoid close contact with people infected with the virus
Treated by a vaccine (ex. Analgesic, Antiviral drug, and Antihistamine)

17. Hepatitis c Symptoms: Bleeding easily Bruising easily
Dark-colored urine
Itchy skin
Swelling in your legs
Weight loss
Hepatitis c
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes Hepatitis C
Causes liver inflammation
Prevent by not sharing needles and direct exposure to blood
Treated with antiviral medications
Newer medicines can help destroy the virus

18. Mononucleosis(Mono) Epstein-Barr virus causes Mononucleosis
Spreads primarily through saliva
Prevent the spread of mono by not kissing or sharing food
Treatment involves rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain and fever-reducing medicines
Symptoms:
Sore throat
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes
Skin rash

19. Symptoms:
Whole body: fatigue, feeling faint, fever, or wasting away
Muscular: muscle weakness, loss of muscle, or muscle quiver
Polio
Caused by the poliovirus virus
Can invade an infected person's brain
Prevent polio with vaccination
Needs to be given at 2, 4, and between 6 and 18 months of age with a booster
Treatment includes bed rest, pain relievers, and portable ventilators

20. The protein coat that surrounds a virus is called a capsid
Eve ABC
The protein coat that surrounds a virus is called a capsid
A. True
B. False

21. Eve ABC What kind of host can be infected by vectors? A. Plants
B. Animals
C. Humans  
D. Both B and C

22. Which part of the body do adenoviruses affect?
Connor ABC
Which part of the body do adenoviruses affect?
A. Nervous system
B. Respiratory system
C. Reproductive system
D. Digestive system

23. Reverse Transcriptase turns DNA to RNA
Connor ABC
Reverse Transcriptase turns DNA to RNA
                  A. True                     B. False

24. Jason ABC
The Lytic cycle/infection is where the host cell makes copies of virus indefinitely
A. True
B. False 

25. Jason ABC Viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA is called:
A. Bacteriophage
B. mRNA
C. Prophage
D. Prophase

26. Which disease can be prevented by NOT sharing Needles?
Sophia ABC
Which disease can be prevented by NOT sharing Needles?
Chicken Pox
Polio 
Mononucleosis
Hepatitis C

27. Epstein-Barr virus causes what disease?
Sophia ABC
Epstein-Barr virus causes what disease?
Hepatitis C
Mononucleosis
Chicken Pox
Polio

28. Overview Function and Structure of a Virus Types of Viruses
Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle
Background of Diseases
ABC Questions