1. December 14, 2016 Bell ringer: Make two columns
December 14, 2016 Bell ringer: Make two columns. List communicable diseases with which you are familiar with and write one fact on each. In the second, list communicable diseases you have heard of but know little about.
Chapter 24, lesson 3 objective: distinguish risk factors associated with communicable and noncommmunicable diseases.

2. Words to know
Pneumonia
Jaundice
Emerging infection

3. Respiratory Infections
What do you think the common cold and flu are caused by?
A. bacteria
B. Vectors
C. Viruses
D. Antibodies?
The answer is C. Viruses.

4. Respiratory Infection
You can reduce your risk of respiratory illnesses by avoiding close contact with people who are infected, washing your hands often, keeping your hands away from your eyes and nose and keeping your immune system healthy!
What can contribute to it?
Smoking (kills cilia and irritates respiratory

5. Common Cold Viral infection causes inflammation of mucous
membranes in the nose and throat.
Symptoms: runny nose, sneezing and sore throat.
Most common way to get it is rubbing your eyes or nose after picking up the virus directly through hand-to-hand contact of a contaminated object.
No cure.

6. Influenza (FLU)
Viral infection of respiratory tract. Spread through airborne transmission but also may spread through direct or indirect contact.
Symptoms: high fever, fatigue, headache, muscle aches and cough
Could lead to pneumonia (an infection of the lungs in which the air sac fill with pus and other liquids)
The only effective way to treat Flu is to get the antiviral drug as soon as the illness arises.
To avoid it you should be given the vaccine.

7. Pneumonia One of the top ten causes of death in the US.
The bacteria that cause pneumonia are often present in healthy throats.
But when body weakens, the bacteria can get into the lungs and multiply.
For ex, if a person is elderly or has flu, he or she may
be more at risk of complications that lead to pneumonia.
Treated: bacterial can be treated with antibiotics
if diagnosed early.

8. Strep Throat
Bacterial infection spread by direct contact, often through droplets that are coughed or sneezed into the air.
Symptoms: sore throat, fever and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.
Tested by a swab of the back of your throat
Treated with LOTS of sleep and antibiotics

9. Tuberculosis TB, bacterial disease that attacks the lungs.
Spread through the air when a person with the disease coughs or sneezes.
Most people who are infected carry the bacteria in their lungs but never develop the disease because the body’s defenses prevent the bacteria from multiplying and spreading to others.
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

10. DID YOU KNOW?
Many people mistakenly believe that tuberculosis is no longer a problem, but experts estimate that about 10 million people in the United states are currently infected with TB bacteria and that about 10% of those people will develop the disease.
TB is increasingly a worldwide problem. In 1999, 2 million deaths were attributed to TB; 100,000 of those deaths were of children. The CDC estimates that by nearly 1 billion people worldwide will become infected with Tuberculosis!

11. What is hepatitis?
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver and can be caused by chemicals, including drugs, and alcohol.
There are 3 types: A B C
Only vaccines for Hepatitis A and B

12. Brain teaser
Jim and Wanda both have some apples. If Jim gives Wanda an apple, they will both have the same number of apples. However, if Wanda gives Jim an apple, Jim will have twice as many as Wanda. How many apples do Jim and Wanda each have?

13. answer
Jim has seven apples and Wanda has 5 apples.

14. Hepatitis A About 1.5 million people infected
Most commonly spread through contact with feces of an infected person
Infected person who do not wash properly may contaminate objects/food and spread the virus
Symptoms: fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, abdominal pain and jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)

15. Hepatitis B Found in most bodily fluids of an infected person (blood).
Transmitted through sexual contact.
Causes severe liver damage, failure, cirrhosis of the liver.
Responsible for 80% of liver cancer

16. Hepatitis C Most common chronic blood borne infection.
Transmitted through direct contact with infected blood through contaminated needles shared by drug users.
Leading reason for liver transplants in the United States.

17. Emerging Infections
Diseases such as AIDS and Lyme disease are constantly appearing.
Malaria and TB are occurring in forms that are resistant to drug treatment.. This would be an emerging disease.
Emerging disease (disease in which incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades and threatens the future)

18. Factors contributing to emerging infections:
Transport across borders: infected people and animals carry pathogen s from region to region.
Ex- West Nile- appears in Asia/Africa and has expanded into the US, carried by mosquitos.
Population movement- increase in Lyme disease – carried by ticks
Lack of handwashing

19. Factors contributing to emerging infection
Resistance to antibiotics: widespread use of this has resulted in pathogens that become resistant (body gets use to it).
Changes in food technology: Mass production and distribution of food increases the chances that contaminated food will infect people.
Ex- E. Coli

20. Common Communicable Diseases
Mononucleosis: Caused by direct contact including sharing eating utensils and kissing.
Measles: caused by an infected person coughs, sneezing, or talks-highly contagious
Meningitis: caused by inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain

21. Lesson Review
Compare and contrast what you know now about communicable diseases and noncommunicable diseases and use two examples that you can think of off the top of your head and explain how they are different.
Turn it in to the box when you are done.