1. The UN to Chinese Communism
The Cold War
The UN to Chinese Communism

2. Key words NATO Bizonia Warsaw Pact Berlin Blockade Totalitarian Pravda
Containment

3. The Iron Curtain Speech
What did the speech say?
Churchill attacked the Soviet Union for exerting its will over the countries of Eastern Europe
Europe now divided into totalitarian and free Europe.
Churchill said it was the duty of the free countries to prevent the further spread of communism

4. Stalin’s counterclaims...
In an interview with Pravda he likened the UKs position of dominance in the English speaking world to that of Nazism
He accused Britain, and by extension the USA of wanting world domination
Percentages agreement
Soviet annexation of the Baltic states

5. Areas of influence Churchill: Eastern Europe was in the Soviet sphere
Stalin: Greece would fall into the British spere of influence
Post War – Britain backed the Greek constitutional monarchy and government
The Greek government was fighting a civil war against Greek Communists

6. Greek Civil War USSR remained outside the conflict
Yugoslavia, under communist leadership provided assistance to the Greek communists
After two years the British government informed the USA it would not be able to continue its support of the royalist government and would be withdrawing its support.

8. Using the map, answer the following questions
1. List the six countries that border Turkey.
 2. List the three bodies of water that surround Turkey.
 3. What bodies of water do the Dardanelle Straits connect?
4. The Soviet Union wanted to share control of the Dardanelles Straits with Turkey. Why do you think the Straits were so important to the Soviet Union?

9. The Truman Doctrine and Containment
Greece had not been occupied by soviet forces
Turkey was seen as vulnerable to soviet expansion
This would give the USSR access to the Mediterranean
This forced the USA to confront communism and determine its stance towards the spread of this ideology

10. The Truman Doctrine: March 1947
USA would provide military and military assistance to Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of communism
In his speech to congress Truman outlined the policy of containment that had originated with George Kennan in the long telegram of 1946 and had been further defined as US-soviet relations had declined.

11. The Long Telegram Kennan was a US diplomat and foreign policy expert
Stationed in Moscow at the beginning of the Cold War
He was asked to explain Soviet objections and foreign policy to the US executive
The result was the long telegram an 8000 word summary of historical Russian objectives and leadership

12. The policy
Avoid conflict with the USSR over countries already under communism or soviet domination
Prevent further spread of communism
This policy remained in place for the duration of the cold war

13. The Marshall Plan and the ERP
European Recovery Plan
Covered all countries of Europe including USSR
Grants and Loans

14. Marshall and ERP
Soviets refused help and pressured all other Eastern European countries to do the same
Czechoslovakia was the only country to agree to help – it was also the only coalition government – how did that make a difference?

15. Czechoslovakia
February 1948, communists removed all other political groups from power, causing a coup
This demonstrated the USSR’s unwillingness to tolerate dissent
Prior to this US congress had not been convinced of the merits of ERP but, Soviet actions made them determined to remain in Europe

16. Activity
Look at your copies of the Marshall Plan and the Soviet Response
In the speech General Marshall stated that his plan was not directed against any specific country or ideology.
Soviet foreign minister Vishinsky criticised the Truman doctrine and the Marshall plan as aggressively anti soviet.
Choose one that your group disagrees with the most and defend that position.

17. Cold War Episode 3
The Marshall Plan