1. 6:28 Notes— The Cold War

2. The United Nations
The United Nations (1945)—international govt dedicated to maintaining world peace
General Assembly—one vote for each member nation
Security Council—may use military to enforce resolutions
veto power belongs to 5 permanent members: US, France, Britain, USSR, China
focus: human rights, war crimes, genocide, govt oppression, children (UNICEF)

3. The Cold War
The Cold War ( )—hostilities between capitalist US and communist USSR for world domination
fought by proxy: Vietnam ( ) and Angola ( )
iron curtain—split between western and eastern Europe

4. The Cold War
Russia creates satellites, US focuses on policy of containment
satellites—small states economically or politically dependent on larger, more powerful states
containment—holding communism where it exists, stopping its spread

5. The Cold War
Truman Doctrine (1947)—US promises to contain communism in Greece and Turkey
Marshall Plan (1947)—US offered $13B to all European nations to develop after WWII
Berlin Airlift (1949)—US and Britain drop 1M tons of food, medicine, fuel to city of Berlin after USSR blockades the city
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, aka COMECON (1949)—similar Russian plan to rebuild satellite states

6. The Cold War Cold War alliance systems
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO (1949)—allies of the USA
Warsaw Pact (1955)—allies of Russia, the “communist bloc”
Non-aligned Movement (1950s)—former colonies in Africa and Asia that refused to align
Communist leader of Guatemala overthrown by CIA (1954)

7. Arms and Space Races
Arms Race—USSR and USA compete to create deadliest/most weapons
both sides develop hydrogen bomb (1952)
intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) developed on both sides (1959)
military industrial complex—close ties between private weapons makers and governments
Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) balance of terror between USA and Russia would keep the peace

8. Arms and Space Races
Space Race—USSR and USA compete for dominance of space
Russians launch satellite Sputnik (1957)
USA lands first man on the moon (1969)

9. Cold War Map
Green book p. 763

10. The Cold War

11. Communism in Asia
People’s Republic of China (1949)—est. when Mao Zedong and communists win civil war
Great Leap Forward (1958)—peasant lands  communes, 20M dead
Cultural Revolution (1966)—Mao’s Red Guards seize teachers, students, bureaucrats for reeducation camps
Deng Xiaoping (1981) reforms communes, expectation for free speech/press
Tiananmen Square (1989) govt kills hundreds of students in peaceful protest

12. Communism in Asia
Korean War ( )—Korean peninsula divided in half at the 38th parallel; North communist, South allied with US
Vietnam War ( )—US intervenes in N vs S civil war to stop communism, domino theory
South Vietnamese ruler Ngo Dinh Diem overthrown in coup
Thich Quang Duc (1963) sets himself on fire in protest

14. Communism in Asia
Ho Chi Mihn—North Vietnamese communist ruler, nationalist
Viet Cong—South Vietnamese guerillas who supported communism
Tet Offensive (1968)—Communist gain control, US begins withdrawal

15. Central Europe
Soviet Union satellite countries attempt independence with limited success (1950s- 60s)
Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
Brezhnev Doctrine (1968)—USSR reserves power to intervene if one satellite threatened others

16. Western Europe
European Union, the “EU” (1993)—opened free trade and migration between European countries
Parliament can pass laws
Euro (2002)—common EU currency

17. Western Europe Terrorism in Europe
Northern Ireland gained independence from the UK in 1922; N Protestant, S Catholic
Irish Republican Army, IRA—N Irish Catholics
terrorism—use of violence to achieve political goals
Ulster Defense Association—N Irish Protestants

18. Western Europe
Basque Homeland and Freedom, ETA (1959)—wanted independence for the Basque region of Spain
Killed successor of Francisco Franco
1968 college student revolts in Paris, Mexico City, Rome, Prague
Kent State (1970)—Ohio National Guard killed four unarmed student protestors

19. The US and Cuba
Bay of Pigs Crisis (1961)—Cuba’s communist dictator Fidel Castro accepts Russian aid, JFK supports Cuban exiles who planned an invasion of Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)—Russian leader Khrushchev sends nuclear missiles to Cuba after US places missiles in Turkey
US blockade of Cuba

20. End of the Cold War
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)—signed by world powers to outlaw testing of nuclear weapons
Détente—time of relaxed tensions
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, aka SALT (1979)—US and Russia agree to freeze production on ICBMs