1. Ocean Environments 4.1 Ocean coasts support plant and animal life. 4.2
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Ocean Environments
the BIG idea
The ocean supports life and contains natural resources.
4.1
Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.
4.2
Conditions differ away from shore.
4.3
The ocean contains natural resources.
CHAPTER OUTLINE

2. 4.1 Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.
Organisms in the intertidal zone are covered by water during high tide and exposed to the air during low tide.
habitat
intertidal zone
intertidal zone
estuary
wetland
SECTION
OUTLINE

3. 4.1 high tide mark low tide mark
Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.
Organisms in the intertidal zone are covered by water during high tide and exposed to the air during low tide.
habitat
intertidal zone
high tide mark
estuary
wetland
low tide mark
• Fresh water and salt water mix in estuaries.
SECTION
OUTLINE
• Salt marshes and mangrove forests form along coasts.

4. 4.1 habitat Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.
intertidal zone
The natural environment in which a living thing gets all that it needs to live; examples include a desert, a coral reef, and a freshwater lake.
estuary
wetland
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

5. 4.1 intertidal zone Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.
habitat
intertidal zone
intertidal zone
The narrow ocean margin between the high- tide mark and the low-tide mark.
estuary
wetland
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

6. 4.1 estuary Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.
habitat
estuary
intertidal zone
A shoreline area where fresh water from a river mixes with salt water from the ocean.
estuary
wetland
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

7. 4.1 wetland Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.
habitat
wetland
intertidal zone
A wet, swampy area that is often flooded with water.
estuary
wetland
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

8. Conditions differ away from shore.
4.2
Conditions differ away from shore.
coral reef
kelp forest
near shore environment
open ocean
phytoplankton
hydrothermal vent
SECTION
OUTLINE

9. Conditions differ away from shore.
4.2
Conditions differ away from shore.
Life in the open ocean is more spread out. The surface zone is lit by the Sun. The deep zone is dark.
The waters near shore support more life than any other part of the ocean.
coral reef
kelp forest
phytoplankton
hydrothermal vent
SECTION
OUTLINE

10. 4.2 coral reef Conditions differ away from shore.
kelp forest
A built-up limestone deposit formed by small ant-sized organisms called corals.
phytoplankton
hydrothermal vent
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

11. 4.2 kelp forest Conditions differ away from shore.
coral reef
kelp forest
kelp forest
A large community of kelp, a type of seaweed that can attach to the ocean floor.
phytoplankton
hydrothermal vent
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

12. 4.2 phytoplankton Conditions differ away from shore.
coral reef
phytoplankton
kelp forest
Microscopic floating organisms that live in water and, like plants, convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into food.
phytoplankton
hydrothermal vent
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

13. 4.2 hydrothermal vent Conditions differ away from shore.
coral reef
hydrothermal vent
kelp forest
An opening in the sea floor from which heated water rises and mixes with the ocean water above.
phytoplankton
hydrothermal vent
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

14. The ocean contains natural resources.
4.3
The ocean contains natural resources.
Living ocean resources include seafood and algae. Overfishing and pollution threaten ocean environments.
overfishing
by-catch
SECTION
OUTLINE

15. The ocean contains natural resources.
4.3
The ocean contains natural resources.
Nonliving ocean resources include oil, natural gas, and minerals.
overfishing
by-catch
SECTION
OUTLINE

16. 4.3 overfishing The ocean contains natural resources.
by-catch
The catching of fish at a faster rate than they can reproduce.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

17. 4.3 by-catch The ocean contains natural resources.
overfishing
by-catch
by-catch
The portion of animals that are caught in a net and then thrown away as unwanted.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

18. 4.1 Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.
I. Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.
habitat
A. Ocean waters contain many environments.
intertidal zone
B. The shoreline supports many plants and
animals.
estuary
wetland
C. Fresh water and salt water meet on coasts.
1. Salt Marshes
2. Mangrove Forests
D. Human activity affects shorelines.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

19. Conditions differ away from shore.
4.2
Conditions differ away from shore.
II. Conditions differ away from shore.
coral reef
A. Ocean environments change with depth and distance from shore.
kelp forest
phytoplankton
B. The waters near shore support diverse life
forms.
hydrothermal vent
1. Coral Reefs
2. Kelp Forests
C. Environments in the open ocean change with depth.
1. Surface Zone
2. Deep Zone
D. New discoveries about ocean life continue.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

20. The ocean contains natural resources.
4.3
The ocean contains natural resources.
III. The ocean contains natural resources.
overfishing
A. The ocean supports living resources.
by-catch
1. Seafood and Algae
2. Overfishing and By-Catch
3. Saltwater Aquaculture
B. The ocean contains nonliving resources.
1. Energy Resources
2. Minerals and Rocks
C. Pollution affects the ocean.
1. Preventing Ocean Pollution
2. Global Pollution Problems
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY