1. Soda Consumption and Dental Decay
Dr. Charles Spalding DMD

2. Bacterial infection
Dental infections such as tooth decay and periodontal disease are perhaps the most common bacterial infections in humans. Their non-life-threatening nature and their ubiquitousness have minimized their significance in overall human health. Yet the economic burden for the treatment of these dental infections can be staggering. In the United States the annual cost for the symptomatic treatment of dental infections in 1977 was over 11 billion dollars (69), and this had increased to about 24 billion dollars in 1984
Role of Streptococcus mutans in Human Dental Decay Published in Dr. Walter Loseche
Current CDC estimates are 108 billion

3. Oral Bacteria The mouth contains acid producing bacteria
Bacteria can be transmitted (passed) from person to person
Bacteria cause infections
Streptococcus Mutans
Lactobacillus

4. Bacteria and Acid
The bacteria in your mouth use sugar for energy (calories) to reproduce and make more bacteria
Bacteria have metabolic waste- Acid
Lactic acid- same acid produced by your muscles as metabolic waste
Critical pH value for enamel is ~5.5

5. Acidity of the mouth related to eating
m: Marsh PD, Martin M. Oral Microbiology. 5th ed. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, London, UK. 2009:12.

6. pH scale- Acids and Bases

7. Ph of various sodas SODA NAME PH Coke 2.525 Diet Coke 3.289 Pepsi
2.530
Diet Pepsi
3.031
Dr. Pepper
2.899
Diet Dr. Pepper
3.169
Cherry Coke
2.522
RC Cola
2.387
Mr. Pibb
2.902
Mountain Dew
3.229
Diet Mountain Dew
3.365
Squirt
2.898
Surge
3.004
Slice Orange
3.059
Sprite
3.202
7 Up
Diet 7 Up
3.706
Lemon Brisk
2.868
Lemon Nestea
2.969
Mug Root beer
4.038
Tap Water
7.67

8. OK to drink?

9. Process of Dental Decay
Demineralization (caused by acidic conditions)
Microscopic (invisible)
“White spot” lesions
Yellow
Brown
Cavitation- physical breakdown and invasion of bacteria

10. Healthy Balance

11. Progression of Lesions

12. Restoration of Decay
Small cavities can be restored with simple fillings
Larger cavities extending to the nerve cause a tooth ache and require a root canal and crown
Extremely large cavities may not be fixable and require extraction of the tooth.

13. Extreme cases from ANMC #1

14. #1 continued
21yr old Male- came into clinic wearing Monster Energy Drink hat- drank 2-5 per day

15. Extreme Case #2

16. #2 continued
27 year old- drank 5 Mt. Dew per day.

17. Extreme Case #3

18. #3 Continued
17 year old male- 6-8 sodas per day. Dentures before 18yrs old.

19. Cost of Soda $12 for a 12 pack Water is free
6 Sodas a day would cost $180 per month $2,160/yr
Water is FREE
Soda causes poor oral health
Water promotes good oral health

20. How Much does this cost? Pulling all 32 teeth + dentures
Dental fees (Anchorage private office)
Emergency Exam $118
X-rays $273
Extractions $10,112 (32 teeth)
Dentures $3,900
Denture reline- $1,060
Total $15,463

21. How to prevent decay Brush your teeth 2-3 times per day (5 minutes)
Floss daily (1-2 minutes)
Parents help children brush and floss until age 8
Eat a healthy diet that is low in carbohydrates
Visit the dentist twice a year
DON’t snack frequently
DON’T drink soda every day
DON’T put babies to bed with a bottle

22. How to Prevent Decay
Demineralized areas (not cavities) can be remineralized or hardened back up
Saliva contains minerals to protect the teeth
Fluoride in toothpaste, mouthrinse, and tap water hardens enamel and strengthens it
Check side effects of any medications- many medications cause dry mouth

23. Decay in the Barrow Area
Native students in Barrow
Kindergarten – dmft = 6.3 (25/27, 93% caries experience)
1st - dmft = 2.0 (20/21, 95% caries experience)
2nd - dmft = 5.23 (44/48, 92% caries experience)
3rd - dmft = 2.75 (30/38, 79% caries experience)
Total - dmft = 5.54 (119/134, 88% caries experience)

24. Decay Rates in the Barrow Area
Wainwright
100% Caries experience (dmft)
Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth-
Number of cavities found/Number of children
Kindergarten – dmft = 12.3 (111/9)
1st dmft = 10.9 (142/13)
2nd grade - dmft = 7.2 (72/10)
3rd grade- dmft = 6.5 (85/13)

25. Traditional Foods Caribou Whale- bowhead, beluga, gray Seal
Berries- blueberry, cranberry, raspberry, nagoon berry, bear berry
Fish- salmon, char, whitefish, halibut, cod, pike, burbot
Rabbit
Birds- ducks, geese, ptarmigan
Walrus
Wild plants
Bear
Musk Ox
Seafood- clams, shrimp, scallops, mussels, crab
Seaweed

26. Sodas Coca-Cola Company See also: List of Coca-Cola brands
Appletiser or Appletise
Aquarias
Barq's
Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola Relentless[1]
Coca-Cola With Orange[2]
New Coke
Coca-Cola C2
Coca-Cola Zero
Sprite Zero
Grapetiser[citation needed]
Peartiser[citation needed]
Vault (soft drink)
Vault Red Blitz
Leed
Lilt
Diet Coke
Diet Coke with Lime
Diet Coke Lemon
Coke Lite
Fanta
Wild Strawberry Fanta[citation needed]
Strawberry Fanta[citation needed]
Tangerine[citation needed]
Cream Soda[citation needed]
Fresca
Sprite
Tab
Tab Clear
Coca Cola Black Cherry
Thums Up
Limca

27. Sodas pg. 2 PepsiCo brands Mirinda Mountain Dew Mug Root Beer Pepsi
Diet Mountain Dew
Caffeine Free Mountain Dew
Mountain Dew Code Red
Mountain Dew Live Wire
Mountain Dew Baja Blast
Mountain Dew Revolution (Discontinued)
Mountain Dew Super Nova (Discontinued)
Mountain Dew Voltage
Mountain Dew Pitch Black (Discontinued)
Mountain Dew Pitch Black II (Discontinued)
MDX
AMP Energy
Mug Root Beer
Pepsi
Pepsi Cola
Pepsi Max
Pepsi Lime
Pepsi Jazz Strawberries &Cream
Pepsi Jazz Black Cherry & Vanilla
Sierra Mist
Diet Pepsi
Duke's
7-Up (all markets except US) 
Cherry 7Up

28. Sodas pg. 3 Dr Pepper Snapple Group[edit source | editbeta]
7-Up (in US only)
Canada Dry
Crush (beverage)
Dr Pepper
Gini
Orangina (in North America Only)
Sunkist

29. Sodas pg. 4 Cola Jolt Cola Kiwi Cola Mecca Cola Panda Cola
Panda Pops (drinks brand)
Sport Cola
Virgin Vanilla Cola
American Cola
Planet Cola
Topsia Cola
Pop Cola (Philippines)
Kola Shaler

30. Sodas pg. 5 Lemonade Cresta (soft drink) R.Whites (Britvic)
Corona (soft drink)
Larkspur (lemonade)
Monster (energy drink)
American cola
Bubble up
MAD DOG Energy Lemonade

31. Sodas pg. 6 Citrus Soda Britvic
Tango (drink)
Tango Clear
Cariba (drink) : See Lilt ( based on [1])
Tropicana Tw!ster Soda
Squirt
Quatro

32. Sodas pg. 7 Others Barr Bawls Carters Refreshing Root Beer
Irn Bru
Tizer
Tizer Fruitz[citation needed]
Tizer "ItzRed" Colourz[citation needed]
Bawls
Carters Refreshing Root Beer
Cool Mountain Beverages
Cupido Drink, Italy
Dr Brown's
Fizz
Freekee
Kinnie
Lucozade
Monster Energy
Peanuts (drink)
Pocari Sweat
Oronamin C Drink
Red Bull
Schweppes Tonic
Sodastream
Julmust

33. Nutrition in Soda (none)
Soda has calories per 12oz can
Soda has 38-45g of sugar per 120z can
A 180 pound man needs about 1,800 calories per day
Calories from 6 cans per day- 900 calories per day
27,000 calories per month
324,000 calories per year

34. Soda Sales
• AC in Barrow – 145,000 cases (12 cans each) is the conservative estimate on number of soda’s sold per year (404+ per person living in Barrow)
• Per AC manager more “sugar stuff” sold here than anywhere else in Alaska that he’s worked
• ERA 75-80% all freight carried to the villages is soda or “juice”.
Of this volume 50% goes to Wainwright alone.
▫ This means that only 20-25% of the freight consists of food, household items, clothing, etc. needs for general
daily living.