1. WALT: We Are Learning To Keywords
In the lesson today, we will learn…
That there are a range of different ways of producing large scale electricity.
There are both good and bad factors about every type of Power Station.
That all energy sources can be divided into two main groups.
Biomass Fossil fuel
Geothermal Wind
Nuclear Solar
Coal Tidal
Oil Renewable
Gas Non-renewable
WILF: What Im Looking For
By the end of the lesson, I would like you to be able to…
Name at least eight different types of power stations.
Talk about some of current issues with regards to energy production.
Understand the terms ‘renewable’ and ‘non-renewable’ with regards to energy sources.
Use your knowledge to talk about a current affair scenario.

2. Energy Resources

3. Resources
Energy
Oil
Wind
Nuclear
Gas
Biomass
Geothermal
Tidal
Coal
Solar
electric
Hydro-

4. Renewable
Non-
Oil
Wind
Nuclear
Gas
Biomass
Geothermal
Tidal
Coal
Solar
electric
Hydro-

5. Renewable
Oil
Wind
Nuclear
Gas
Biomass
Geothermal
Tidal
Coal
Solar
electric
Hydro-

6. Energy Resources
Energy Sources

7. Non-renewable energy resources. These will eventually run out.
Year 7 Electricity Topic
Energy Resources
Non-renewable energy resources. These will eventually run out.
Renewable energy resources. These are unlimited and can be used over and over again.
coal, nuclear, wind, hydropower (falling water), oil, tidal, biomass, solar, gas, geothermal

9. Power stations in generally all work in a similar way
Power stations in generally all work in a similar way. Most power stations in the UK use Coal, Oil or gas to make electricity. These are called fuels because they can be burnt.
In this example we will look at using coal as the fuel.
is taken out of the ground from coal mines and is brought to the powerstation in lorries or trains. The coal is loaded into the power station where it is crushed into a The powdered coal is then fed into a big fire called a The heat from burning the coal is used to boil water and turn it into steam. The moves through pipes from the boiler to the turbines. These turbines are like big that can rotate in a circle. The steam causes the turbines to round very
The turbines are connected to a which also spins. The generator makes electricity which is changed by the transformer and sent around the country along
We use the in our homes to work things like our kettles, Television and our mobile phone
The problem with using coal to make electricity is that they produce along of pollution which can cause acid rain and

10. boiler fans wires electricity steam chargers coal spin
powder quickly generator global warming

11. Coal is taken out of the ground from coal mines and is brought to the power station in lorries or trains. The coal is loaded into the power station where it is crushed into a powder. The powdered coal is then fed into a big fire called a boiler. The heat from burning the coal is used to boil water and turn it into steam. The steam moves through pipes from the boiler to the turbines. These turbines are like big fans that can rotate in a circle. The steam causes the turbines to spin round very quickly.
The turbines are connected to a generator which also spins. The generator makes electricity which is changed by the transformer and sent around the country along wires.
We use the electricity in our homes to work things like our kettles, Television and our mobile phone chargers.
The problem with using coal to make electricity is that they produce along of pollution which can cause acid rain and global warming.

12. Hydroelectric Power Station
Year 7 Electricity Topic
Hydroelectric Power Station

13. Animation of working of hydropower station

14. Gravitational Potential Energy
Year 7 Electricity Topic
Hydroelectric (water) Power Station
The water falls from a top lake through a tunnel in the dam to the river below.
The water turns the blades on the turbine.
Gravitational Potential Energy
The turbine turns the generator.
Kinetic Energy
This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid.
Electricial Energy

15. Layout of typical hydroelectric power station

16. How a basic power station works
Something is used to make the blades on a turbine turn around.
Steam
Water
Wind
This spins a generator. This is a spinning magnet. E L C T R I Y

17. Advantages of Hydroelectricity
Once the dam is built, the energy is virtually free.
No waste or pollution produced.
Much more reliable than wind, solar or wave power.
Water can be stored above the dam ready to cope with peaks in demand.
Hydro-electric power stations can increase to full power very quickly, unlike other power stations.
Electricity can be generated constantly.

18. Disadvantages of Hydro-electricity
The dams are very expensive to build.
Building a large dam will flood a very large area upstream, causing problems for animals that used to live there.
Finding a suitable site can be difficult - the impact on residents and the environment may be unacceptable.
Water quality and quantity downstream can be affected, which can have an impact on plant life.

19. How WindPowerworks

20. Is it Renewable?
Hydro-electric power is renewable.
The Sun provides the water by evaporation from the sea, and will keep on doing so.

21. Kinetic Energy Electricial Energy Year 7 Electricity Topic
Wind Farm ‘Power Station’
The wind blows and turns the blades on the windmill.
The spinning blades turn the turbine blades.
Kinetic Energy
The turbine turns the generator.
This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid.
Electricial Energy

22. Off Shore Wind Farms Power Station
Year 7 Electricity Topic
Off Shore Wind Farms Power Station

23. Wind Farms Power Station
Year 7 Electricity Topic
Wind Farms Power Station

24. Advantages of Wind power
1.Renewable energy resource;
2. No /little carbon emission or air pollution OR will not add to global warming OR little pollution;
3. Source of energy is free OR low running costs;
4. Brings employment/construction to some remote areas OR good for the local economy;
5. Lots of energy available OR abundant source OR wind farm can generate large amounts of electricity;
6. wind turbines can be more efficient than conventional power stations;

25. Disadvantages of Wind Power
The wind is not always predictable some days have no wind.
Some people feel that covering the landscape with these towers is unsightly.
Can kill birds - migrating flocks tend to like strong winds. Splat!
Can affect television reception if you live nearby.
Noisy. A wind generator makes a constant, low, "swooshing" noise day and 1. Unsightly/ugly OR can damage views/ blight landscapes / local people may find them an intrusion;
Can be noisy/ causes noise pollution;
Only work when the wind blows/ above certain wind speed OR no constant output of electricity OR not reliable;
Each generator can only generate a small amount of electricity OR many are needed to supply the amount of electricity required for a city;
Costly to construct /maintain;
can only be placed in certain areas OR require large areas.

26. Is Wind Power Renewable?
Wind power is renewable.
Winds will keep on blowing, it makes sense to use them.

27. Solar Power
Solar Cells are called photovoltaic" or "photoelectric" cells) convert light directly into electricity.
In a sunny climate, you can get enough power to run a 100W light bulb from just one square meter of solar panel.

28. Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Electricial Energy Year 7 Electricity Topic
Solar Power Station
Sunlight (heat) is collected.
This boils water to make steam.
The steam turns the turbine blades.
Heat Energy
The turbine turns the generator.
Kinetic Energy
This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid.
Electricial Energy

29. Solar Water Heating heat from the Sun is used to heat water in
glass panels on your roof.
Solar heating is worthwhile in places like California and Australia, where you get lots of sunshine.

30. Year 7 Electricity Topic
Solar Power Station

31. Year 7 Electricity Topic
Solar Power Station

32. Advantages of solar power
Solar energy is free - it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pollution.
In sunny countries, solar power can be used where there is no easy way to get electricity to a remote place.
Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers

33. Disadvantages of Solar Power
Doesn't work at night.
Very expensive to build solar power stations. Solar cells cost a great deal compared to the amount of electricity they'll produce in their lifetime.
Can be unreliable unless you're in a very sunny climate.

34. Is Solar Power Renewable?
Solar power is renewable.
The Sun will keep on shining anyway, so it makes sense to use it.

35. Geothermal Power
Hot rocks underground heat water to produce steam We drill holes down to the hot region, steam comes up, is purified and used to drive turbines, which drive electric generators.
There may be natural "groundwater" in the hot rocks anyway, or we may need to drill more holes and pump water down to them.

36. Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Electricial Energy Year 7 Electricity Topic
Geothermal Power Station
Water is pumped down a hole.
The heat of the earth boils the water to make steam.
The steam comes up another pipe and turns the turbine blades.
Heat Energy
The turbine turns the generator.
Kinetic Energy
This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid.
Electricial Energy

37. Geothermal Power Station
Year 7 Electricity Topic
Geothermal Power Station

38. Geothermal Power Station
Year 7 Electricity Topic
Geothermal Power Station

39. Geothermal Power Station
Year 7 Electricity Topic
Geothermal Power Station

40. Advantages of Geothermal Power
Geothermal energy does not produce any pollution, and
does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
The power stations do not take up much room, so there is not much impact on the environment.
No fuel is needed.
Once you've built a geothermal power station, the energy is almost free. It may need a little energy to run a pump, but this can be taken from the energy being generated.

41. Disadvantages of Geothermal Power
The big problem is that there are not many places where you can build a geothermal power station. You need hot rocks of a suitable type, at a depth where we can drill down to them. The type of rock above is also important, it must be of a type that we can easily drill through.
Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of steam", perhaps for decades.
Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of.

42. Is it Renewable? Geothermal energy is renewable.
The energy keeps on coming, as long as we don't pump too much cold water down and cool the rocks too much.

43. Tidal Power
Tidal power works rather like a hydro-electric scheme, except that the dam is much bigger.
A huge dam (called a "barrage") is built across a river estuary. When the tide goes in and out, the water flows through tunnels in the dam.
The ebb and flow of the tides can be used to turn a turbine, or it can be used to push air through a pipe, which then turns a turbine. Large lock gates, like the ones used on canals, allow ships to pass.
Only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as possible tidal power stations.

44. Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy Year 7 Electricity Topic
Tidal Power Station
The water flows under the barrier.
The moving water turns a submerged water blade.
The underwater blade is connected to a pole.
Kinetic Energy
The pole turns the generator.
This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid.
Electrical Energy

45. Year 7 Electricity Topic
Tidal Power Station

46. Year 7 Electricity Topic
Tidal Power Station

47. Advantages of Tidal Power
Once you've built it, tidal power is free.
It produces no greenhouse gases or other waste.
It needs no fuel.
It produces electricity reliably.
Not expensive to maintain.
Tides are totally predictable.

48. Disadvantages of Tidal Power
A barrage across an estuary is very expensive to build, and affects a very wide area - the environment is changed for many miles upstream and downstream. Many birds rely on the tide uncovering the mud flats so that they can feed. there are few suitable sites for tidal barrages.
Only provides power for around 10 hours each day, when the tide is actually moving in or out.

49. Is it Renewable? Tidal energy is renewable.
The tides will continue to ebb and flow, and the energy is there for the taking.

50. Nuclear Power
Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world.
Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needs, and produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel, without the pollution that you'd get from burning fossil fuels.

51. Nuclear Energy Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy
Year 7 Electricity Topic
Nuclear Power Station
A nuclear reaction is started.
This produces a lot of heat which boils water in nearby pipes.
The steam produced is used to turn the turbine blades.
Nuclear Energy
The turbine turns the generator.
Heat Energy
Kinetic Energy
This produces electricity which is sent to the national grid.
Electrical Energy

52. Year 7 Electricity Topic
Nuclear Power Station

53. How Nuclear Power Works
Nuclear fission makes heat>heated water makes steam>steam turns turbines>turbines turn generators>electrical power is sent a round the country

54. The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel, and the heat is generated by nuclear fission. Neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium atoms, which split roughly in half and release energy in the form of heat.

55. Advantages of using Nuclear Power
Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's not expensive to make.
Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel.
Produces small amounts
of waste.
Nuclear power is reliable.

56. Benefits of nuclear fuel
1. No CO2 emitted / no smoke emitted;
2. does not contribute to global warming;
3. reliable/not weather dependant;
4. small volume of waste;
5. concentrated energy source/ not much transport costs to bring fuel;
6. power stations are relatively small;
Disadvantages of nuclear fuel
1. difficult to dispose of waste;
2. accidents can spread radiation widely / risk of radiation leak;
3. nuclear fuel is toxic / harmful / radioactive / difficult to handle / long half-life;
4. decommissioning costs are very high;
5. increased security risk/ terrorist attack;
Benefits of biomass
1 . abundant sources / uses waste products from farms /houses/renewable;
2. uses materials which would produce CO2 anyway, so no net emission;
3. can be used to create different products (e.g. manure) as well as energy;
4. reduces landfill;
5. (source is) relatively cheap;
Disadvantages of biomass.
1. relatively inefficient;
2. can increase methane in atmosphere/can increase green-house gases;
3. may require more land;
4. high transport costs to collect raw material;
5. can be smelly;
6. often seasonal power source /variable output source; MP23. can be storage costs for biogas;

57. Disadvantages of Nuclear Power
Although not much waste is produced, it is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away.

58. Is it Renewable? Nuclear energy from Uranium is NOT renewable.
Once we've dug up all the Earth's uranium and used it, there isn't any more.

59. How Biomass Works
Plant and animal waste is used to produce fuels such as methanol,
natural gas, and oil. We can use rubbish, animal manure, woodchips,
seaweed, corn stalks and other wastes.
Sugar cane is harvested and taken to a mill, where it is crushed to extract the juice. The juice is used to make sugar, whilst the left-over pulp, called "bagasse" can be burned in a power station.
Other solid wastes, can be burned to provide heat, or used to make steam for a power station.
Burn fuel>heat water to make steam>steam turns turbine>turbine turns generator>electrical power sent around the country

60. Advantages to Biomass
It makes sense to use waste materials where we can.
The fuel tends to be cheap.
Less demand on the Earth's resources.

61. Disadvantages to Using Biomass
Collecting the waste in
sufficient quantities can be
difficult.
We burn the fuel, so
it makes greenhouse gases.
Some waste materials are not available all year round.

62. Is It Renewable? Biomass is renewable
We will always make waste products. We can always plant & grow more sugar cane and more trees, so those are renewable too.