1. What is Weather. Weather Meteorology
State of the atmosphere at a given Time and Place.
Includes all types of clouds
Includes all precipitation
Storms even dust storms
Measure of temps pressure, wind speed, direction and amount of moisture in the air.
Study of the entire atmosphere. Including the weather.

2. Meteorology Climatology Includes
the study of how the atmosphere heats and cools
How clouds form and produce rain
Composition of the atmosphere
Atmosphere of other planets.
Study of earth’s long term weather.
Climate controls determine the climate in an area
Include latitude, elevation and topography

3. Tools of meteorology
Most useful
Many , instruments have been developed. i.e.. Thermometer
Lab experiments, Mathematical models, Computer simulations, satellites.
Simple direct observation.

4. Temperature Average kinetic energy of all the particles
Heat always travels from a warmer to cooler object (always – no exceptions)

5. Dew Point
Atmospheric temperature below which water droplets begin to condense and dew can form.
Varies with to pressure and humidity (water vapor)
Dew - tiny drops of water that form around condensation nuclei at night, when temperatures drop allowing atmospheric vapor to condense
Condensation nuclei – small particles of dirt, dust, salt, etc. which allow for the accumulation of water molecules

6. Wind Chill Scale
Frostbite
Chart that converts the actual temperature outside to the temp the body would feel if exposed to the air and wind.
Adjusted temperature indicates the potential danger of frostbite in the outside air.
Frostbite is, literally, frozen body tissue

8. Self weathercasters. Amount of moisture in the atmosphere. Humidity
Increase in humidity makes hair go wavy and curly.
Also hot and cold temps feel hotter and colder with higher humidity.
essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves.
Changes in air pressure: ears pop. Old people say bones ache.
Humidity
Transpiration
Air Pressure

9. Composition of atmosphere
Gasses
Air and Water.
Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%) make up 99%of dry air volume.
>1% argon, carbon dioxide.
Others … He, H, Ne, O3 and Kr.
Thins out quickly as you increase altitude, but mixture stays the same.
Understanding CO2 helps understand the atmosphere
Air always contains some water vapor (less than 4%). (Humidity).

10. Ozone
Importance
Result??
Cause
Form of oxygen gas.
Contains three oxygen atoms.
Ozone forms when ultraviolet light rays from the sun act on the oxygen in the upper most part of the atmosphere about 10 to 50 km up.
It absorbs 99% of the harmful ultraviolet rays.
Less ozone means more ultraviolet rays reach Earth’s surface, causing more sunburns, skin cancer and plant damage.
Chlorofluorocarbons or (cfc) Combo of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. Used in coolants and foam products
CFCs break down ozone.

11. It has been growing ever since.
Ozone
Ozone measurements since 1970 show a hole in this protective layer of gas centered over Antarctica.
It has been growing ever since.
Ozone