1. Vocab Unit 10

2. Accrue – to grow or accumulate over time; to happen as a natural result
Sounds like: “A Crew” Verb
Synonyms- Collect, Accumulate
Antonyms- Dwindle, Decrease, Diminish
Make sure you keep up with your homework so your work does not accrue.
Annotation- a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work
Synonyms- Note, Comment Noun
In my English class, I write an annotation when I have a new thought or idea about the text.
Bedlam- a state or scene of uproar and confusion
Sounds like: “Bed Lem” Noun
Synonym- Commotion, Pandemonium, Chaos, Anarchy
Antonyms- Peace and Quite, Order, Tranquility
When Ms. Brnilovich stepped outside the room, the class went into bedlam.

3. Covert- hidden, disguised, purposefully kept secret; sheltered secluded
- a sheltered place, a hiding place
Adjective Noun
Synonym: Undercover, Clandestine, Sub-rosa
Antonym: Open, Overt, Undisguised
He made a covert plan to copy his homework during lunch.
Debonair- pleasant, courteous, lighthearted; smooth and polished in manner and appearance
Sounds like: Deb Un Air Adjective
Synonym: Carefree, Jaunty, Urbane
Antonym: Distraught, Agitated, Boorish, Churlish
The student thought to herself, “Wow, Ms. Brnilovich is quite debonair.”
Dun- to demand insistently, especially in payment of a debt
- a creditor
-dark, dull, drab, dingy
Verb Noun Adjective
Synonyms- Hound, Harass, Nag
My friend tried to dun me into giving him the money I borrowed. Rude, it was only $1,000.

4. 1-12 Exam Efficacious- effective, producing results
Sounds like: Ef Ih Kay Shush Adjective
Synonyms: Effectual, Efficient, Potent, Powerful
Antonyms: Ineffective, Worthless, Useless
Ms. Brnilovich’s new approach to introducing vocabulary was efficacious because all her students aced the test.
Equanimity- calmness, composure, refusal to panic
Sounds like: Ekwa Nim Ity Noun
Synonyms: Tranquility, Imperturbability
Antonyms: Excitability, Agitation
The situations was handled with equanimity despite the scorpion being set loose in the school.
Fortuitous- accidental, occurring by happy chance
Sounds like: For Too Ih Tus Adjective
Synonyms: Unintentional, Unplanned, Random, Lucky
Antonyms: Intentional, Deliberate, Premeditated
Trey proved to be fortuitious by selecting all six winning lottery numbers.
1-12 Exam

5. Gist – the essential part, main point, or essence
Sounds like: Jist Noun
Synonyms: Substance, Core, Nucleus
Ms. Brnilovich’s students understood the gist of her lesson because their completed assignments were award worthy.
Gratuitous- Freely given; not called for by circumstances, unwarranted
Sounds like: Gruh too ih tus Adjective
Synonyms: Voluntary, Unjustified
Antonyms: Justified, Warranted
The hallways were filled with gratuitous foul language.
Imperious-Overbearing, arrogant; seeking to dominate; pressing, compelling
Sounds like: Imm peer e us Adjective
Synonyms: Domineering, Urgent, Imperative
Antonyms: Fawning, Humble , Unassuming
Blanche did not like Stanley because of his imperious temper.

6. Invective – a strong denunciation or condemnation; abusive language; abusive
Sounds like: In vek tive Adjective Noun
Synonyms: Vituperation, Abuse
Antonyms: Tribute, Encomium
The speech took a turn for the worse when the speaker started using invectives.
Motley- showing great variety; composed of different elements or many colors; a jester’s costume; a jester
Sounds like: Mot lee Adjective Noun
Synonyms: Variegated, Heterogeneous, Diverse, Fool
Antonyms: Homogeneous, Monochromatic
The class was comprised of a motley group of students.
Munificent- extremely generous, lavish
Sounds like: Myoo nif ih cent Adjective
Synonyms: Bounteous, Liberal
Antonyms: Miserly, Parsimonious
The munificent man gave all of his inheritance to charity.

7. Procrastinate- to delay, put off until later
Sounds like: Pro-crast-in-ate Verb
Synonyms: Stall, Temporize, Dillydally
Although he had plenty of time to write his paper, the student chose to procrastinate until the last minute.
Provocative- tending to produce a strong feeling or response; arousing desire or appetite; irritating, annoying
Sounds like: Pro-voc- uh-tive Adjective
Synonyms: Stimulating, Arousing, Vexing, Galling
Antonyms: Dull, Insipid, Bland, Unstimulating
The Jerry Springer Show is popular because it features provocative topics.
Recondite- exceeding ordinary knowledge and understanding
Sounds like: Rec-on-dite Adjective
Synonyms: Arcane, Abstruse
Antonyms: Simple, Uncomplicated
The difficult concept of the physics theory was recondite to everyone but the scientists.

8. Reprobate- a depraved, vicious, or unprincipled person, scoundrel; corrupt or unprincipled; to disapprove of, condemn
Sounds like: Rep- ro- bate Adjective Noun Verb
Synonyms: Scoundrel, Blackguard, Immoral, Corrupt
Antonyms: Saint; Upright, Virtuous, Moral
The serial killer was a reprobate who did not care about anyone.
Sedentary- Characterized by or calling for continued sitting; remaining in one place
Sounds like: Sed-n-ter-ee Adjective
Synonyms: Static, Stationary
Antonyms: Active, Peripatetic
She was sedentary while binge watching her favorite show on Netflix all weekend.

9. Vocab Unit 11

10. Abstemious- Moderate, Sparing (Eating or Drinking); Characterized by abstinence and
self-discipline Adjective
Synonyms: Temperate, Sober, Moderate Sounds like: Ab Stem E Us
Antonyms: Indulgent, Immoderate, Intemperate
He was abstemious at dinner and only ate a little of the food on his plate.
Censurable- Deserving of blame or correction Adjective
Synonyms: Blameworthy, Discreditable, Reprehensible Sounds like: Sen Sure A Bull
Antonyms: Commendable, Laudable, Meritorious
The cheating student was found censurable and received a zero on the exam.

11. Contingent- Likely but not certain to happen, possible; dependent on uncertain events; happening by chance; a representative group forming part of a larger body
Synonyms: Conditional, Dependent, Detachment Adjective Noun
Antonyms: Independent, Unconnected, Certain Sounds like: Con Tin Gent
Doing well in the third marking period is contingent to the grade received on the research paper.
Corroborate- to confirm, make more certain, bolster, substantiate, verify Verb
Antonyms: refute, contradict, undermine, discredit Sounds like: Cor Rob Or Ate
The student was able to corroborate their story with evidence.

12. Denizen- an inhabitant, resident; one who frequents a place Synonym: Dweller Antonyms: Alien, Outsider, Foreigner Sounds like: Den- Ih-Zen Noun
Blanche, the fish, is a denizen of the luxurious fish tank.
Discursive- passing aimlessly from one place or subject to another; rambling, roving nomadic
Synonyms: Diffuse, Wandering Adjective Antonyms: Short and to the point Sounds like: Dis Cur Sive
The student’s behavior was discursive after staying up all night to write a research paper.

13. Disseminate- to scatter or spread widely Verb
Synonyms: Disperse, Broadcast, Circulate Sounds like: Dis Sem In Ate
Antonyms: Bring together, Concentrate, Hide
Bacteria disseminated when the student did not cover his mouth when he sneezed.
Dowdy- poorly dressed, shabby; lacking smartness and good taste
Synonyms: Frumpy, frowsy Adjective
Antonyms: Chic, Elegant, Fashionable Sounds like: D- Ow- Dee
The woman was dowdy despite her wealth.

14. Florid- highly colored, reddish; excessively ornate, showy
Synonyms: Flushed, Ruddy, Frilly, Flamboyant Adjective
Antonyms: Pale, Ashen, Pallid, Austere, Stark Sounds like: Floor- Id
The student was florid when the teacher did not believe their printer broke the day the research paper was due.
Foist- to impose by fraud; to pass off as worthy or genuine; to bring about by stealth, dishonesty
Synonyms: Pass off Verb
The thief tried to foist the old lady’s identity as his own.

15. Gauche- awkward, lacking in social graces, tactless, clumsy
Synonyms: Inept, Uncouth, Maladroit Adjective
Antonyms: Adroit, Tactful, Diplomatic, Politic Sounds like: Go Shhh
His gauche manners made his date leave the restaurant.
Heresy-an opinion different from accepting belief; the denial of an idea that is generally held sacred
Synonyms: Unorthodox Belief, Heterodoxy Noun
Antonyms: Orthodoxy Sounds like: Hair Ih See
The new mayor was a dictator whose political heresy saw no value in the public opinion.

16. Inculcate- to impress on the mind by repetition, teach persistently and earnestly
Synonyms: Instill, Implant, Infuse, Ingrain, Imbue Verb
Antonyms: Efface, Extirpate, Root Out Sounds like: In Kul Kait
The best way to learn vocabulary is to inculcate the words through practice.
Palpable- capable of being touched or felt; easily seen, heard, or recognized
Synonyms: Obvious, Manifest Adjective
Antonyms: Intangible, Insubstantial Sounds like: Pal Puh Bull
Facetime allows people in different locations to seem palpable.

17. Perceptive- having sympathetic insight or understanding, capable of keen appreciation
Synonyms: Insightful, Discerning Adjective
Antonyms: Dense, Obtuse Sounds like: Per Sep Tive
After the speaker finished speaking, the room was filled with perceptive people.
Pernicious- extremely harmful; deadly, fatal
Synonyms: Injurious, Deleterious, Baleful, Noxious Adjective
Antonyms: Harmless, Innocuous, Salutary, Salubrious Sounds like: Per Nish Us
The unexpected attack proved to be pernicious.

18. Salient- leaping, jumping or springing forth; prominent, standing out, conspicuous
a projection or bulge, a land form that projects upward or outward
Synonyms: Striking, Notable, Protrusive, Obvious Adjective Noun
Antonyms: Inconspicuous, Recessive Sounds like: Sale Yent
The new sports car was salient in the parking lot.
Satiate- to satisfy completely; to fill to excess; full satisfied
Synonyms: Surfeit, Gorge Verb Adjective
Antonyms: Deprive entirely Sounds like: Say She It
Grading the last research paper will be a satiate Ms. Brnilovich.

19. Sear- to make or become dry and withered; to char or scorch the surface of; to harden to make unfeeling; to patch, singe
Verb Sounds like: Sear
Getting too close to the fire seared the man’s eyebrows.
Specious- deceptive, apparently good or valid but lacking real merit
Synonyms: Deceptively, Plausible, Sophistic, Casuistic Adjective
Antonyms: Valid, Sound, Solid, Genuine Sounds like: Spee Sh Us
The advertisement made specious claims about the product.

20. Vocab Unit 12

21. Absolve- to clear from blame, responsibility, or guilt Verb
Synonyms: Acquit, Exonerate, Vindicate, Excuse, Pardon
Antonyms: Condemn, Convict, Incriminate, Inculpate Sounds like: Ab Solve
The judge absolved the man on trail after the evidence proved him innocent.
Caricature- a representation, such as a drawing, that exaggerates a subject’s characteristic features; to present someone or something in a deliberately distorted way
Synonyms: Cartoon, Burlesque, Lampoon Noun Verb
Sounds like: Care Ick A Ture
The caricature made her nose and ears look extremely large and comical.

22. Clangor- a loud ringing sound; to make a loud ringing noise Verb Noun
Synonyms: Din, Clamor, Uproar
Antonyms: Silence, Stillness, Peace and Quite Sounds like: Clang Er
The clangor of hammers could be heard from the construction site.
Contiguous- side by side, touching; near; adjacent in time
Synonyms: Abutting, Next Door To Adjective
Antonyms: Detached, Apart, Distant, Remote Sounds like: Con Tig U Us
The student’s locker was contiguous to their best friend’s locker.

23. Cupidity- an eager desire for something; greed Noun
Synonyms: Avarice, Rapacity, Craving, Lust
Antonyms: Contentment, Satiety, Gratification Sounds like: Kew Pid Ity
The contestant on Deal or No Deal showed cupidity while playing the game.
Deleterious- harmful, injurious Adjective
Synonyms: Detrimental, Destructive, Pernicious, Damaging
Antonyms: Helpful, Beneficial, Harmless, Innocuous Sounds like: Del Ih Tear E Us
Running near a pool can be deleterious if someone trips.

24. Enhance- to raise to a higher degree; to increase the value or desirability
Synonyms: Improve, Elevate Verb
Antonyms: Diminish, Degrade
Three D glasses enhance the movie for the viewer.
Enthrall- to captivate, charm, hold spellbound; to enslave; to imprison
Synonyms: Fascinate, Attract Verb
Antonyms: Boring, Repel
In 2017, high school students were enthralled by fidget spinners.

25. Extenuate- to lessen the seriousness or magnitude of an offense by making partial excuses
Synonyms: Moderate, Mitigate, Diminish, Downplay Verb
Antonyms: Intensify, Magnified, Worsen, Exacerbate Sounds like: Ex Ten U Ate
The court reduced the criminal’s sentence due to extenuating circumstances.
Implicit- implied or understood though unexpressed; without doubts or reservations, unquestioning; potentially contained
Synonyms: Inferred, Tacit, Unspoken, Unconditional Adjective
Antonyms: Explicit, Expressed, Stated, Revealed Sounds like: Ihm Plis It
There was an implicit understanding the students would be respectful for the guest speaker.

26. Incisive- sharp, keen, penetrating (with a suggestion of decisiveness and effectiveness)
Synonyms: Acute, Cutting, Perceptive Adjective Sounds like: In Sice Ive
Blanche, the fish, had an incisive stare warning people not to mess with her.
Inimical- tending to cause harm or obstruct developments; being oppositional or adverse
Synonyms: Unfriendly, Hostile, Antagonistic, Contrary Adjective
Antonyms: Friendly, Hospitable, Kind Sounds like: In Ihm Ih cul
The opposing teams had inimical attitudes towards each other.

27. Ostentatious- marked by conspicuous or pretentious
Synonyms: Flashy, Overdone, Affected, Flamboyant Adjective
Antonyms: Modest, Plain, Simple, Demure, Retiring Sounds like: Oz Ten Tay She Us
The ostentatious wedding had trapeze artists, live dolphins, and solid gold decorations.
Paragon- a model of excellence or perfection Noun
Synonyms: Ideal, Paradigm, Model, Good Example Sounds like: Pair A Gone
The teacher used the well written research paper as a paragon for future students
to strive to reproduce.

28. Politic- prudent, shrewdly conceived and developed; artful, expedient
Synonyms: Tactful, Diplomatic, Judicious, Circumspect Adjective
Antonyms: Unwise, Injudicious, Imprudent, Rash Sounds like: Pol It Tick
The conversation turned politic at the family dinner.
Prosaic- Dull, lacking in distinction and originality; matter of fact
Synonyms: Literal, Pedestrian Adjective
Antonyms: Remarkable, Poetic Sounds like: Pro Zay Ick
The prosaic movie made everyone fall asleep.

29. Redundant- extra, excess, more than is needed; wordy, repetitive; profuse, lush
Synonyms: Unnecessary, Superfluous, Verbose, Prolix Adjective
Antonyms: Terse, Laconic, Scarce, Inadequate
Parents tend to be redundant when trying to get their kids to do chores.
Sanctimonious- making a show of virtue or righteousness; hypocritically moralistic or pious, self- righteous, canting
Adjective Sounds like: Sank Tim Own Ious
Antonyms: Heartfelt, Sincere, Humble
The sanctimonious woman looks down upon those who do not strictly follow their religion.

30. Scintillating- sparkling, twinkling, exceptionally brilliant (applying to metal)
Synonyms: Stimulating, Glittering Adjective
Antonyms: Dull, Boring, Insipid Sounds like: Sin Till Ate Ing
During the show, the comedian came up with one scintillating joke after another.
Winsome- charming, attractive, pleasing (often suggesting a childlike charm and innocence)
Synonyms: Winning, Delightful, Prepossessing Adjective
Antonyms: Unattractive, Unappealing, Repulsive
The salesman’s winsome personality made him great at his job.