1. Renaissance & Reformation
Chapter 5
Renaissance & Reformation
Sec. 1 The Renaissance

2. I. The Italian Renaissance
Renaissance means rebirth
Italian Renaissance was a period of European history that began in Italy and spread throughout Europe.
1. Urban society – powerful city-states
Secular – worldly
2. Renaissance was also an age of recovery
3. People began to realize individual ability

3. Leonardo da Vinci

4. II. The Italian States
Lack of a single strong ruler made it possible for northern & central Italy to remain independent.
Ex. Milan, Venice, Florence
Italian merchants obtained silks, sugar, spices

5. A. Milan Located in northern Italy One of richest city-states in Italy
Francesco Sforza was leader of Milan and leader of mercenaries – soldiers who sold their services to highest bidder

6. B. Venice
Drew traders from all around the world (link of Asia & Europe)

7. C. Florence D. Italian Wars
Cosimo de Medici was leader in 1434, family was wealthy
Lorenzo de Medici later ruled
D. Italian Wars
(1494)because of growth, French King Charles VIII led an army to invade Italy 30,000

8. D. Italian Wars (cont.) Spanish aided Italy.
After 30 yrs. Spanish defeated French

9. III. Machiavelli
Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince which is the most influential works on political power
Book was about how to acquire and keep political power

10. IV. Renaissance Society
Society was divided into social classes; Nobility – only 2-3% of population, held important political posts, and served as advisers to the king
Peasants – 85-90% of population
Townspeople – rest of population / made up of merchants & artisans

11. Families arranged marriages
Dowry – sum of money given by wife’s family to the husband
women role was to supervise the household
adulthood only came when father granted it

12. Ch. 5 Sec.2 The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance

13. I. Italian Renaissance Humanism
Humanism was based on the study of classics, literary works of ancient Greece and Rome.
Petrarch, father of Italian Renaissance, fostered the development of humanism

14. II. Vernacular Literature
Because of humanist emphasis on Latin it led to widespread use in writings of scholars, lawyers, and theologians
Vernacular – language spoken in their own regions. Ex. French, German
Dante & Chaucer made popular

15. Dante’s work included Divine Comedy
3 parts to Poem;
Hell, Purgatory, Heaven

16. Collection of stories told by a group of 29 pilgrims
Chaucer – The Canterbury Tales
Collection of stories told by a group of 29 pilgrims

17. Christine de Pizan was a Frenchwomen who wrote books in defense of women. One of her works was The Book of the City of Ladies

18. III. Education in the Renaissance
Renaissance humanists believed education could change human beings
wrote books & opened schools
believed in Liberal Studies (Arts)
Humanists believed students needed to study history, moral philosophy, eloquence, letters, poetry, math, music

19. IV. Artistic Renaissance
III. Con.
Only a few females attended these schools.
IV. Artistic Renaissance
Fresco – painting done on fresh water plaster

20. Donatello designed the Saint George
Flippo Brunelleschi designed the church of San Lorenzo

21. The High Renaissance was associated with 3 artistic giants;
Leonardo da Vinci – mastered art of realistic painting
Raphael – known for his frescoes in Vatican Palace
Michelangelo – designed the ceiling of Sistine Chapel in Rome

23. The Protestant Reformation
Ch.5 Sec.3
The Protestant Reformation

24. Erasmus wanted;
a. spread the philosophy of Christ
b. provide education
c. criticize the abuses of the Church
d. wrote the Praise of Folly (monks)

25. I. Erasmus and Christian Humanism
Protestant Reformation – religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups. Began by Martin Luther
Christian Humanism
-believed human beings to reason & wanted to improve themselves.
-best known was Erasmus

26. II. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation
Corruption – main reason people wanted reform
Salvation – acceptance into heaven
Indulgence – release from all or part of the punishment for sin

27. III. Martin Luther
Martin Luther – believed that humans were not saved through good works, but through faith in God.
Justification – faith alone
A. Ninety-five Theses
1. Oct.31, 1517 Luther posted the 95 Theses. This was an attack on abuses in the sale of indulgences.

28. Martin Luther

29. B. Break w/ the Church
1. Luther thrown out of Church Jan. 1521
2. Edict of Worms – Charles V made Luther an outlaw w/in the empire.
C. Rise of Lutheranism
1. Luther began to setup services different than that of the Catholic Church
2. Luther’s doctrine became known as Lutheranism.

30. IV. Politics in the German Reformation
Charles V wanted the Hapsburg family to remain in power.
Peace of Augsburg-formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany

31. Ch.5 Sec.4 The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response

32. I. Zwinglian Reformation
1. Ulrich Zwingli – introduced religious reforms in Switzerland. Killed in war by Catholics
A. Calvin & Calvinism (Protestant)
1. John Calvin took over in Switerland. Calvin believed in justification by faith.
- Calvin believed in predestination

33. God had pre-determined in advance who would be saved.
2. Calvin was successful in the reform of Geneva
3. Calvinism replaced Lutheranism as the most dynamic form of Protestantism

34. B. Reformation in England (political)
1. King Henry
a. needed a male heir, wanted to marry Anne Boleyn
b. broke away form Catholic Church
2. Catherine of Aragon-wanted to restore England to Roman Catholicism
a. those whose opposed the move were burned
b. nickname was “Bloody Mary”

35. C. Anabaptist
1. Reformers who wanted state to play an important role in church affairs
2. believed in separation of church and state.
D. Role of Women
1. Protestants believed a women should
a. obey her husband
b. bear children

36. Catholic Reformation Ignatius of Loyola – founded the Jesuits
Reform of papacy (Pope)