1. PPT #2 Cellular Energy Production
Unit 4 Cell
PPT #2 Cellular Energy Production

2. Cell energy
All nutrients that are used by cells must be broken down to into their monomers…let’s talk about GLUCOSE.
Breakdown of nutrients to glucose is done by enzymes

3. Plants Animals Make glucose through Photosynthesis
Get glucose from food
Release energy from glucose through cellular respiration and ATP Production

4. Photosynthesis-starts the ecological food webs!

5. Photosynthesis
WHERE: Chloroplast
WHO: plant cells
WHY: turns water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen!
WHEN: in the presences of light energy (sun)

6. Why is Photosynthesis important?
Makes organic molecules (glucose) out of inorganic materials (carbon dioxide and water).
It begins all food chains/webs. Thus all life is supported by this process.
It also makes oxygen gas!!

7. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Autotrophic Process: Plants and plant-like organisms like some bacteria and algae make their energy (glucose) from sunlight.
Stored as complex carbohydrate in
their leaves, and bodies.
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6O2
BUT this reaction happens in two steps in two different places within the cholorplast.

8. Photo-synthesis
means "putting together with light."
Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose. Glucose is a simple of sugar.
Plants use glucose as food for energy and as a building block for growing.
Autotrophs make glucose and heterotrophs are consumers of it.

9. How do we know that plants make carbohydrates from just carbon dioxide water and light energy?
Experiments!
For example:
Jan Baptisa van Helmont (1648) planted a willow branch weighing 5 pounds into 200 pounds of soil and then after 4 years the tree weighed 169 lbs. and the soil was still nearly 200 lbs.

10. Photosynthesis Chemical reaction
Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
sunlight
absorbed by chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2

11. Plants in Action Check it!
What is the process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars?

12. Chloroplasts are the organelle that facilitates the 2 step Photosynthesis process: 1. Light reaction 2. Dark Reaction

13. Step 1: Light Dependent Reactions ---happen in the Thylakoids of chloroplasts --Thylakoids are flattened sacks within the chloroplasts that have all the chlorophyll (which capture light energy) Step 2: Light Independent Reactions (Dark Rnx or Calvin Cycle) --happen in the stroma of chloroplasts --Stroma is the space within the chloroplasts

14. Leaves are green because they contain
the pigment:
chlorophyll
Leaves have a large surface area to absorb as much light as possible
"Thanks for the Glucose!"

15. WATER SPLITTING in Thylakoids
1. Light Dependent Reactions
WATER SPLITTING in Thylakoids
6CO H2O---LIGHT ENERGY---6H2 + 3O2 + 6CO2 + tiny energy
Light (UV radiation)is absorbed by chlorophyll in the thylakoids
Light Energy splits water into H2 and O2
3. The Oxygen is “leftover” and diffuses out through stoma (holes in underside of leaf)
4. A tiny bit of ATP (energy is created)
This Energy is used in the 2nd step (Dark Reactions)to make Glucose

16. 6H2 + (tiny ATP)+ 6CO2--------C6H12O6
2. Dark Reactions
Also called: Light independent Reactions “Calvin Cycle” in Stroma
6H2 + (tiny ATP)+ 6CO C6H12O6
Tiny bit of energy(ATP) from splitting water is used to split the CO2 and chemically combine it with H2 and make into (C6H12O6).
Overall Did Photosynthesis create any extra ENERGY???

17. Photosynthesis produces:
NO NET ENERGY CREATED!!!...just
glucose and Oxygen

18. Summary of the 2 Reactions of photosynthesis
1. Light Dependent RNX: splitting water In chlorophyll pigment inThylakoids
6H2O + Light Energy-----6H2 + 3O2 + Tiny ATP
2. Light Independent RNX (Dark RNX) Calvin Cycle split CO2 making glucose in Stroma
6H2 + (tiny ATP)+ 6CO C6H12O6
Making glucose from split water and CO2 in Stroma
No net energy produced.

19. Look at the Oxygen production from the Chloroplast https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYbMPwmwx88

20. The Big Picture

21. Photosynthesis Concept Map
Draw your own concept map using the chloroplasts pages.
Write the chemical equations for the light and dark reactions. Arrange them in a way that tells a story about what is happening during this process
Add labels, arrows, and other symbols to connect the concepts
Write a 25 word summary of the process of the two stages of photosynthesis

22. Cell Respiration WHERE: MITOCHONDRIA WHO: All Eukaryotic Cells
WHY: to turn sugar (glucose) into fuel (ATP)

23. carbon dioxide & water are “leftovers”
Cell RespirationEquation
C6H12O6+ 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O ATP
ENERGY
carbon dioxide & water are “leftovers”
Where do you think the glucose and oxygen come from????

24. Two Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic
Most Eukaryotic cells, plants, animals
needs oxygen
makes 36 ATP
3 steps
Fermentation
Yeast & Bacteria
When no oxygen available
only makes 2 ATP
(ok for small things)
One step:This is how we make bread, yogurt, beer wine!

25. It’s a 3 STEP PROCESS
Why: to slowly release energy without heating up the cell too much!
Glycolysis: Happens in the cell cytoplasm to break down glucose
All living things do glycolysis!!!!!!
Glyco (sugar) Lysis (break apart)
C6H12O6 broken into 2, 3 Carbon compounds(pyruvate)
C6H12O6 2 C3H6O3 + 2 ATP
Without oxygen, breaking glucose gives 2 ATP.

26. 2. Krebs Cycle: In the mitochondria, makes 2 ATP (not efficient)
The 2, 3 Carbon compounds(pyruvate) mix with
Oxygen to create 2 ATP and a LOT of ELECTRONS. e-
3. Electron Transport Chain In the mitochondria membranes, electrons go back and forth across the membranes and this creates 36 ATP!!!! And releases CO2 and H2O….ready to start all over again!

27. Cellular Respiration Summary:
1. Glucose is broken into pyruvate in the cell cytoplasm giving off +2 ATP glycolysis
Organisms with no Oxygen can still generate energy this way.
2. Pyruvate in the mitochondria undergo reactions with Oxygen and produce +2 ATP and lots of e Kreb Cycle
3. Electrons e- go back and forth between the mitochondria membrane generating +36 ATP + CO2 and H20 as products.
Electron Transport Chain

28. Cellular Respiration Concept Map
Using the mitochondria picture:
Write the overall reaction for cellular respiration.
Write the reactions for the 3 steps of cellular respiration in a way that tells a story about what is happening during these reactions
Add labels, arrows, and other symbols to connect the concepts
Write a 25 word summary of the process of cellular respiration
Use arrows or color coding to show how the cycles are relayed… (hint: look at the equation)

29. ATP
denosine
ri-
hosphate

30. Adenosine Triphosphate
The main energy molecule in organisms
Energy is held in the Chemical Bonds
Breaking a bond releases energy
ATPADP
Making a bond stores energy
ADP ATP

31. ATP
Energy from
food
Energy for
Cells
ADP

32. Cellular Energy in the form of ATP gets used to drive cell processes
EX: Cell Division
Cell Transport

33. The Big Picture
1. Plants make glycose through Photosynthesis. People eat food to be broken into glucose.
All nutrients must be broken down
to Glucose
Glucose must be converted to ATP as energy through cell respiration.