1. DAY 1 – Cellular Energetics
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

2. Reteach – Photosynthesis
Do Now
Reteach – Photosynthesis
Use the terms below to complete the idea map
Trapped by chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
Sunlight
Oxygen
Water
Sugar
Waste
useful
To the Teacher: There is a handout that goes with this activity

3. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Energy and Life
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

4. What are we learning today?
Take Notes
What are we learning today?
Benchmark:
SC.912.L.18.9 – Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (AA)
SC.912.L.18.7 – Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of photosynthesis.
SC.912.L – Connect the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to energy transfers within a cell.
Objectives:
I will describe the role of ATP in cellular activities.
I will state the overall equation of photosynthesis and cellular respiration and their interrelated nature.

5. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Take Notes
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The key process for energy capture (from the sun) and storing it as chemical energy in glucose is photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Takes place in photosynthetic autotrophs only
The energy in glucose (C6H12O6) is released during cellular respiration by breaking down glucose and using it to recharge ATP.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Takes place in ALL organisms (Bacteria, Archea, and Eukarya)!
Do you notice that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite reactions??!! They form a cycle!
Photosynthesis captures and saves energy. (makes Food)
Cellular respiration releases and uses the energy. (eat Food)

6. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Exergonic or Exothermic
Endergonic or Endothermic
Reactants
Products
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Atmosphere
Makes muscles work
Neurons work
Heart work
Sun
Lose the rest as heat to the environment
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Glucose (food)
Notice the sun’s energy enters photosynthesis and is stored in glucose… Animals eat the glucose and use the energy stored by the plants to recharge ATP… we use ATP to run everything in our bodies…ultimately the energy in ATP is used and release as heat… Energy flows… one way
Notice that plants take in CO2 from the atmosphere … make glucose with it… animals eat glucose and release the carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide … where the plants can use it again… Elements(matter) cycle through the ecosystem

7. Reteach – Leaf Structure
Do Now
Reteach – Leaf Structure
We’ve learned in class that a leaf’s structure is optimized for absorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis.
Label the parts of the leaf and describe their function in relation to photosynthesis
Click on Smart Software icon for label leaf structure interactive activity or
Click on leave to open up document.

8. How do organisms use energy?
Take Notes
How do organisms use energy?
One of the principal compounds that cells use to store and release energy is adenosine triphosphate, or ATP.
ATP consists of
Adenine (1)
Ribose (1)
Phosphate groups (3)
Advantages of ATP:
Stored so that it can be released when needed
Stored in small packages so that the cell can use small quantities as required.
Stores chemical energy in a useful form

9. What is the ATP-ADP cycle?
Take Notes
What is the ATP-ADP cycle?
Adenosine diphosphate, or ADP, looks like ATP except that it has two phosphate groups instead of three.
If a cell wants to store small amounts of energy, it can add a phosphate group to ADP molecules producing ATP.
If the cell needs energy, it breaks the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate.

10. What are the most important chemical reactions on Earth?
Take Notes
What are the most important chemical reactions on Earth?
Photosynthesis is the process by which some organisms capture the energy of sunlight and convert it to chemical energy that is stored as food
Cellular respiration is the process by which all organisms obtain energy from the chemical bonds in food molecules.
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are cellular processes.
Along with the activity on this slide there is an embedded online activity (shuffle) .students need to drag each image to the correct column. Prior the delivery of the lesson the instructor should review the images and in order to inquiry students the reason why the image belongs either in photosynthesis or cellular respiration column.

11. What is cellular respiration?
Take Notes
What is cellular respiration?
Both plants and animals cells carry out the final stages of cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of O2.
6O2 + C6H12O CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

12. Take Notes
What is glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound
Takes place in the cytoplasm
Takes 1 glucose (C6H12O6) and makes 2 pyruvates or pyruvic acids
This pyruvate still contains some energy from the glucose molecule.
Uses 2 ATP molecules to make 4 ATP molecules

13. What happens during aerobic respiration?
Take Notes
What happens during aerobic respiration?
Pyruvic acid must be transported into the mitochondria.
In the mitochondria, pyruvic acid is turned into acetyl-CoA.
Acetyl-CoA produced enters the Kreb’s Cycle, a process that releases CO2 and H+ AND produces ATP.
At the end of the Kreb’s cycle
2 ATP are produced.
CO2 is released
H+ are released
These H+ pass through the inner compartment to the outer compartment of the mitochondria where they combine with O2 to form H2O.
ATP is produced as hydrogen ions diffuse into the inner compartment.
Up to 38 ATP can be produced

14. Summary Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm (glycolysis)
Glucose is broken down (energy released)
No oxygen required
Only a small amount of ATP produced.
The products of glycolysis enters the mitochondria, where cellular respiration is completed.
Requires oxygen.
A great amount of ATP is made from ADP.
CO2 and H2O are waste products.

15. Types of Cellular Respiration
Energy and Life
Types of Cellular Respiration

16. DAY 2 – Cellular Energetics
Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

17. What are we learning today?
Take Notes
What are we learning today?
Benchmark:
SC.912.L.18.8 – Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration.
Objectives:
I will identify the reactants and products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
I will state the functions of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

18. What are the two types of cellular respiration?
Take Notes
What are the two types of cellular respiration?
There are two types of cellular respiration
Anaerobic (without oxygen) pathways
Aerobic (with oxygen) pathways
Both pathways begin with glycolysis
Glyco relating to glucose
-lysis the act of cutting

19. What happens during anaerobic respiration?
Take Notes
What happens during anaerobic respiration?
Occurs in the ABSENCE of oxygen.
Pyruvate or pyruvic acid from glycolysis enters anaerobic fermentation.
Less energy is released
2 main types of fermentation:
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation

20. What is alcoholic fermentation?
Take Notes
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Yeast, a single-celled fungus.
Pyruvate is broken down into:
CO2 is released
Causes bread dough to rise
Causes carbonation in some alcoholic beverages
Ethanol is produced
Wine and beer contain ethanol made from yeast

21. What is lactic fermentation?
Take Notes
What is lactic fermentation?
Produced in your muscles during rapid exercise
Occurs when O2 supply is short because blood can’t reach muscles quickly to deliver enough O2
Allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP for as long as the glucose supply lasts.
Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid or lactate causing sore muscles

22. Work It Out
Which Is It?
Use the terms below to complete the Venn diagram comparing ANAEROBIC and AEROBIC cellular respiration
Efficient Inefficient Requires glucose
38 ATP 2 ATP Generate energy
Occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria
Occurs only in cytoplasm release CO2
uses Oxygen Doesn’t use oxygen Kreb’s cycle
Begin with glycolysis Involve pyruvic acid
Fermentation of alcohol or lactic acid
Does not produce water
To the Teacher: There’s a worksheet in the activity folder that goes with this slide. Also, click on the Smart® icon for interactive activity.