1. Jews and the Romans In 63 BC The Romans conquered Judah
The Romans renamed it Judaea
At first allowed the Jews to run Judaea

2. Rule of King Herod
King Herod known for the additions made to the temple in Jerusalem
After Herod died he was replace by Roman officials
Jews divided on how to deal with the Romans
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3. Rule of King Herod
Pharisees – taught the Torah and how it applied to daily life
Taught in synagogues
One tradition taught was the oral traditions and helping obey the commandments
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4. Rule of King Herod
Sadduces- were concerned how the Torah applied to priests in the temple
Did not agree with the Pharisees teachings
Emphasized the written law and commandments 5th
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5. Rule of King Herod A third group
Essenes- Broke away from the temple in Jerusalem. Waited in the desert for God to deliver them from the Romans
Dead sea scrolls discovered in 1947 may have been written by the Essenes
3-3B

6. Dead Sea Scrolls
The Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered in eleven caves along the northwest shore of the Dead Sea between the years 1947 and 1956

7. Dead Sea Scrolls
In all, scholars have identified the remains of about 825 to 870 separate scrolls.
The Scrolls are for the most part, written in Hebrew, but there are many written in Aramaic.

8. Dead Sea Scrolls
The Scrolls appear to be the library of a Jewish sect. The library was hidden away in caves around the outbreak of the First Jewish Revolt (A.D ) as the Roman army advanced against the rebel Jews.

9. Dead Sea Scrolls
One of the most curious scrolls is the Copper Scroll. Discovered in Cave 3, this scroll records a list of 64 underground hiding places throughout the land of Israel. The deposits are to contain certain amounts of gold, silver, aromatics, and manuscripts. These are believed to be treasures from the Temple at Jerusalem, that were hidden away for safekeeping.

10. Jewish Revolts
During the AD 60’s Jewish hatred of the Romans was at its peak.
Many Jews at that time were waiting for the Messiah.
Messiah- deliverer sent from God
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11. Jewish Revolts Other Jews known as Zealots wanted to fight the Romans
Zealots-Those that wanted to fight the Romans
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12. Jewish Revolts
In AD 66 the Zealots drove the Romans from Jerusalem, however the Romans retook Jerusalem 4 years later.

13. Jewish Revolts
The Romans killed thousands of Jews and destroyed the temple in Jerusalem

14. Jewish Revolts
In Ad 132 the Jews revolted again, and 3 years later the Romans crushed the revolt.
This time the Romans did not allow the Jews to Live in or visit Jerusalem

15. Jewish Revolts The Romans began calling Judah Palestine
The name refers to the Philistines whom the Jews had conquered earlier in their history.

16. Jewish Teachers After losing Judah the Jews did survive.
No longer having priests they had Rabbis
Rabbi- teacher of the Torah.

17. Jewish Teachers One of the most famous Rabbis was Yohanan ben Zaccai
He made sure the study of the Torah continued
He founded a center for Torah studies In Northern Palestine.
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18. Jewish Teachers
The Rabbis wanted to save and pass on the teachings and traditions of the Torah
They combined the teachings into books called commentaries

19. Jewish Teachers The most important commentary is the Talmud
Talmud- deals with almost all aspects of daily life to include agriculture, feasts, prayer, and marriages
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20. Over time For 2000 years Jews lived outside of Palestine.
Made many and notable contributions to commerce, professions, however have and even to this day faced hatred and persecutions

21. Over time In 1947 Palestine was partitioned by the United Nations
A new Jewish nation was created in 1948 called Israel

22. review What was Diaspora?
Who was Yohanan Ben Zaccai, and why was he important?
What was education like within a Jewish family?
Describe the differences among the Pharisees, Sadduces, and Essenes.