1. National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2016
Briefing Deck | December 2016
National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2016

2. The following slides are provided for reuse in your own presentations.
Please cite as follows: Canadian Institute for Health Information. National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2016: Briefing Deck. Ottawa, ON: CIHI; 2016.
Additional resources
The following companion products are available on CIHI’s website:
Report
Data tables
Infographics
Talk to us
For data-specific information:
For media inquiries:
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3. This presentation Key findings Looking forward
How much is being spent on health care?
How does health care spending compare across Canada?
How does Canada compare internationally?
Looking forward
Issues to monitor in the future
(Insert notes here)

4. Key messages: 2016 Modest growth trend continues, since 2011.
Total health expenditure is expected to grow by 2.7%, reaching $228 billion in 2016, or $6,299 per person.
The growth rate in health spending has barely kept pace with inflation and population growth combined.
Provincial/territorial per capita health expenditures vary.
In 2016, total health expenditure per capita ranged from $7,256 in Newfoundland and Labrador and $7,120 in Manitoba to $6,144 in Ontario and $5,822 in Quebec.
Canada’s health care spending per capita is among the highest internationally.

5. Modest growth since 2011, similar to that experienced in the mid-1990s
Notes
* Calculated using constant 1997 dollars.
See data table A.1 in the companion Excel file.
Source
National Health Expenditure Database, CIHI.

6. Health spending continues to vary across Canada

7. International comparisons: Fast facts
Canada’s health care spending per capita is among the highest internationally.
Canada is above the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average.
The United States is the highest spender overall.
Since 2009, the ratio of health spending to GDP has stabilized or been below its peak in most OECD countries.
Canada’s experience is similar to that of other OECD countries, where the ratio is below its peak.
The share of health spending financed by the public sector in Canada (71%) is lower than the OECD average (73%).

8. How does Canada compare internationally?

9. Looking forward

10. Population aging a modest but steady cost driver
Notes
AAG: Average annual growth. Total might not add up due to rounding.
f: Forecast.
Health spending data by age and sex is available up to 2014.
Sources
National Health Expenditure Database, CIHI; Statistics Canada.

11. Things to keep an eye on
Modest economic growth, continued government deficits and reduced rate of growth in the Canada Health Transfer are potential dampeners of future health spending growth.
New specialized drugs such as biologics and antivirals are putting significant pressure on both public and private drug programs.
Population aging is a modest but steady cost driver.
We may see both more rapid growth in the supply of physicians and higher demand for physician services from an aging population.
There is a continued shift from hospital inpatient to outpatient care delivery.

12. More information
The report National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2016 provides updated information on health expenditure in Canada.
The annual report, infographics, presentations, methodology notes and up-to-date data tables are available at
Feedback and questions can be sent to

13. The following slides present text alternatives for the images in this presentation for visually impaired users.

14. Text alternative for slide 5: Modest growth since 2011, similar to that experienced in the mid-1990s
Average annual growth of total health expenditure per capita in Canada can be classified into 4 distinct periods of growth and decline, as described below:
1975 to 1991: This was a period of sustained growth in health spending. The average annual growth rate was 2.7%, with a spike of spending growth in the early 1980s.
Mid-1990s: Total health expenditure declined by an annual average rate of 0.5% during this period of fiscal restraint.
Late 1990s to 2010: This period of reinvestment in health care saw health spending increase by an average rate of 3.3% per year.
2011 to 2016: In this period of fiscal restraint, total health expenditure has declined by an annual average rate of 0.1%. 

15. Percentage of per capita growth
Text alternative for slide 6: Health spending continues to vary across Canada
Province/territory
Cost per person
Percentage of budget
Percentage of per capita growth
Canada (average)
$6,299
38%
1.7%
Newfoundland and Labrador
$7,256
41%
2.6%
Prince Edward Island
$6,389
2.0%
Nova Scotia
$6,643
46%
1.0%
New Brunswick
$6,421
2.4%
Quebec
$5,822
30%
1.4%
Ontario
$6,144
1.1%
Manitoba
$7,120
42%
3.9%
Saskatchewan
$6,838
3.3%
Alberta
$6,995
1.9%
British Columbia
$6,214
43%
2.3%
Yukon
$12,429
22%
9.4%
Northwest Territories
$15,065
25%
2.7%
Nunavut
$14,301
27%
3.1%
Notes
Cost per person includes public- and private-sector spending, forecasted for 2016.
Percentage of budget: Provincial/territorial government health spending as percentage of budget, forecasted for 2015.
Source
National Health Expenditure Database, Canadian Institute for Health Information.

16. Text alternative for slide 8: How does Canada compare internationally?
Country
Cost per person (Canadian dollars)
Percentage of GDP
Percentage public
Percentage private
OECD (average)
$4,463
9.0%
73%
27%
United States
$11,126
16.6%
49%
51%
Sweden
$6,245
11.2%
83%
17%
France
$5,384
11.1%
79%
21%
Germany
$6,311
11.0%
85%
15%
Netherlands
$6,505
10.9%
81%
19%
Canada
$5,543
10.0%
71%
29%
United Kingdom
$4,896
9.9%
80%
20%
New Zealand
$4,361
9.4%
Australia
$5,187
67%
33%
Notes
Total current expenditure (capital excluded). Expenditure data is based on the System of Health Accounts.
OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
2014 is the most recent year of data available.
Source
OECD Health Statistics 2016 (June edition).

17. Text alternative for slide 10: Population aging a modest but steady cost driver
Period
General inflation
Population growth
Aging
Other
2000 to 2010 AAG
2.4%
1.0%
0.9%
2.7%
2010 to 2014 AAG
2.0%
1.1%
-1.3%
2015f
0.1%
0.5%
2016f
0.7%
-0.4%
Notes
AAG: Average annual growth. Total might not add up due to rounding.
f: Forecast.
Health spending data by age and sex is available up to 2014.
Sources
National Health Expenditure Database, CIHI; Statistics Canada.