1. Science Topic: Physics
Jets in Flight
Science Topic: Physics

2. Designing a Navy Jet Fighter

3. Lesson Objectives Understand the Engineering Design Process
Comprehend the basic principles of flight
Apply the Engineering Design Process to aircraft design

4. Navy Aviation

5. Lesson Goal
Apply the principles of flight and the engineering design process to design and construct three models of paper airplanes.
Fastest plane
Slowest plane
Travel the greatest distance

6. Lesson Organization
Part 1: Understanding and applying the basic principles of flight
Part 2: Building a working prototype of three paper planes (fastest, slowest, travel greatest distance)

7. Vital for Flight

9. Part 1: The Principles of Flight
Forces acting on an aircraft in flight
Thrust: the force that propels an aircraft forward
Drag: air resistance that produces a force in the opposite direction of thrust
Weight: gravitational force
Lift: upward force acting in the opposite direction of weight

10. FL- Force of Lift
FE- Weight
FD- Drag

11. FL- Lift FD- Drag FE- Weight
Flight is achieved by shifting the balance between the opposing forces
FL- Lift
FE- Weight
FD- Drag

12. Thrust is produced in one of two ways:
Transfer of momentum when gases are ejected to the rear of the plane through jet engines
Launching a plane with a catapult from the deck of an aircraft carrier

13. Take out a sheet of paper
Hold it portrait style at both sides
Blow over the surface of the paper
Make your observations, draw a diagram, and write questions and answers
*What happens to the paper as the air flow increases speed?
*Why is this happening?

14. Lift is the upward force created as air passes over and beneath the wings of an aircraft

15. Bernoulli’s Principle:
1. Fast moving air at the top edge of the wing creates a zone of low pressure

16. Bernoulli’s Principle:
2. Slow moving air along the bottom edge of the wing has the same pressure as the air at the front of the wing (Ambient Pressure)

17. FL- Lift Bernoulli’s Principle:
3. The difference in pressure creates the force of lift
FL- Lift

18. Lift Momentum: additional upward force is generated incoming air deflects off the bottom of the wing and transfers momentum to the wing
FL- Lift

19. Part 2: Designing a Prototype
You are an engineer tasked with building three paper plane prototypes. The prototypes will be planes that can fly the fastest, slowest, and the greatest distance. The Navy plans to use these models in covert operations to collect intelligence. You may use only approved materials provided by the Navy as described in the Resources List. Maintain a record of your design process on your lab sheet for post-Design assessment and presentation.

20. Resources List
Scrap/notebook paper for initial design ideas and brain storming
3 sheets of copy paper for prototypes
3 jumbo paper clips
1 ruler
1 timer
1 pair of scissors
1 straw
Pieces of tape

21. Total Project Points=45 points!
Project Design Requirements
3 total drawings, one of each plane, include labels and measurements (metric) 5 points for each, total=15 points
Data table of each plane with flight data (see next slide) 5 points for each, total =15 points
3 paragraph summaries (one for each design): What changes did you have to make to each plane to improve its performance? (include drawings and explanations of why and how changes affected results) 5 points for each, total =15 points
Total Project Points=45 points!

22. Do 3 data tables: fastest plane, slowest plane, longest distance
Data Table of Fastest Plane
Trial Number
Distance traveled (meters)
Time (seconds)
Speed (speed=distance/time) 1 2 3
Average Speed= (speed 1 +speed 2+ speed 3)/3
Do 3 data tables: fastest plane, slowest plane, longest distance

24. Resources http://www.av8n.com/how/htm/4forces.html
Thrust of the F/A-18C is 17,700 pounds (8,027 kg) and weight is 51,900 pounds (23,537 kg). See other data for the F/A- 18C at