2. Objectives At the end of this lecture student should be able to:
Describe Cellular and non-cellular components of blood
Recognise functions of blood
Define Erythropoiesis; leucopoiesis, thrombopoiesis.
Recognize sites of RBC formation at different developmental age
Dr Sitelbanat september2011

3. Objectives At the end of this lecture student should be able to:
Describe different stages of RBC differenation.
Describe features of RBC maturation.
Describe regulation of RBC production and erythropoietin hormone secretion in response to hypoxia.
Recognize clinical conditions associated with high level of erythropoitein in the blood
Dr Sitelbanat september2011

4. Lecture - 1 Topic: Red Blood Cells (RBCs)))))
Composition & functions of the Blood
Morphological Features of RBCs.
Production of RBCs
Regulation of production of RBCs

5. Blood Composition

7. Blood Film

8. BLOOD COMPOSITION Cellular components Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Plasma
98% water, ions, plasma proteins (Albumin, globulin, Fibrinogen)
Same ionic composition as interstitial fluid
Dr Sitelbanat

9. FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD Transport Homoeostasis
O2, CO2, nutrient, hormones, waste product
Homoeostasis
Regulation of body temperature, ECF pH
Protecting against infections
White Blood Cells, Antibodies
Blood clotting prevent blood loss
Dr Sitelbanat

10. Blood Volume 5 liter in adult 45% is packed cells volume (PCV)
55% is plasma volume
Dr Sitelbanat

11. Blood Cells Formation Erythropoiesis: Formation of RBC (erythrocytes)
Leucopoiesis: Formation of WBC (leucocytes)
Thrombopoiesis: Formation of platelets (thrombocytes)
Dr Sitelbanat

12. Red Blood Cells Function O2 transport CO2 transport Buffer
Dr Sitelbanat

13. Red Blood Cells Shape & size Flat Biconcave Disc Non-nucleated
Diamter 7-8 mm x 2.5 mm , 1 mm
Average volume mm3
Flexible
Number =4.7-5 x106
Hb =34g/dl of cells
Hb= g/dl in the blood
Dr Sitelbanat

14. Production of RBC
Early few weeks of embryo nucleated RBCs are formed in yolk sac.
Middle trimester mainly in liver & spleen & lymph nodes.
Last months RBCs are formed in bone marrow of all bones
Bone marrow of flat bone continue to produce RBC into adult life
Shaft of long bone stop to produce RBC at puberty while epiphysis continued
Dr Sitelbanat

15. Production of RBC
Dr Sitelbanat

16. Genesis of RBC
All blood cell are formed from Pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells  committed cells:
Committed stem cells for RBC
Committed stem cells for WBC
Growth of different stems cells are controlled by different growth factors
Dr Sitelbanat

17. Stages of differentiation of RBC
Stages of RBC development
Committed stem cell
Proerthroblast
basophil erythroblast
polychromatophil erythroblast
orthochromatic erythroblast
Reticulocytes
Mature erythrocytes
Rapid RBC production   reticlocytes in the circulation
Dr Sitelbanat

18. Erythropoiesis RBC development is characterize by:
decrease in cell size
disappearance of nuclus
appearance of haemoglobin
Dr Sitelbanat

19. Regulation of RBC production
Erythropoiesis is stimulated by erythropoietin hormone produced by the kidney in response to hypoxia (low oxygen in the blood)
Hypoxia caused by:
Low RBC count (Anaemia)
Hemorrhage
High altitude
Prolong heart failure
Lung disease
Dr Sitelbanat

20. Tissue oxygenation and RBC formation
Dr Sitelbanat

21. Erythropoietin Glycoprotein 90% from renal cortex 10% liver
Stimulate the growth of early stem cells
Does not affect maturation process
Can be measured in plasma & urine
High levels of erythropoietin
anemia
High altitude
Heart failure
Lung Disease
(Result in polycythemia)

22. Role of the kidneys in RBC formation
Dr Sitelbanat

23. Objectives At the end of this lecture student should be able to:
Describe Cellular and non-cellular components of blood
Recognise functions of blood
Define Erythropoiesis; leucopoiesis, thrombopoiesis.
Recognize sites of RBC formation at different developmental age
Dr Sitelbanat september2011

24. Objectives At the end of this lecture student should be able to:
Describe different stages of RBC differenation.
Describe features of RBC maturation.
Describe regulation of RBC production and erythropoietin hormone secretion in response to hypoxia.
Recognize clinical conditions associated with high level of erythropoitein in the blood
Dr Sitelbanat september2011