1. ORIGINS
CHAPTER 1

4. Total water Oceans: 97% Ice: 1.8% Groundwater: 0.6% Lakes and streams
Salt: 0.007%
Fresh: 0.009%
Atmosphere: 0.001%

5. Marine Science (oceanography)
The process of discovering unifying principles in data obtained from the ocean, its associated life-forms, and its bordering lands. Biology + Geology + Physics + Chemistry + Engineering

6. Marine Geologists Composition of inner Earth Mobility of the crust
Seafloor sediments
History of the oceans, continents, and climate
Earthquake prediction + Resource exploration

7. Physical Oceanographers
Study and observe wave dynamics, currents, and ocean-atmosphere interactions

8. Chemical Oceanographers
Study the oceans total dissolved solids and gases in relations to biology and geology

9. Climate Specialists/Climatologists
The ocean’s role in the changing climate

10. Marine Biologists Nature and distribution of marine organisms
Impact on these organisms from pollutants
Drug-making from marine species
Yield of fisheries

11. Marine Engineers
Design and build oil platforms, ships, harbors

12. Where is the deepest spot in the ocean?

13. Where is the tallest mountain?

14. Stars and Seas
All “matter” in the universe came into existence around 14 billion years ago  Big Bang

15. Stars and Planets are contained within Galaxies

16. How did the solar system get here?

19. Earth, Ocean, and Atmosphere accumulated in layers sorted by density
The densest material sank to the bottom
Iron, nickel
The more buoyant material rose to the top
Silicon, magnesium, aluminum, oxygen-bonded compounds

20. Origin of the Moon

21. Origin of the Ocean
Outgassing and comets

23. Life probably originated in the ocean

28. What will be the future of Earth?
Doom and Gloom dominates the “science” of the media and pop-culture

29. Are there other ocean worlds?
There are no other ocean worlds out there, thus far.

32. The Solar System’s Moons

34. Mars

44. Titan

46. Huygens lander

47. Life and Oceans?