1. Power, Authority and Leadership
Management Styles
Power, Authority and Leadership

2. What is Management Styles?
Ability to lead people to perform in their jobs
Having a “POWER” to make other people act a certain way
Reward Power – ability to provide reward
Coercive Power – Ability to punish
Legitimate Power – Position in the organization
Expert Power – skills, expertise, or knowledge
Personality Power – Characteristics that attract others
Authority is the right to issue directives and expend resources
Management styles are a group of principles that any firm can follow as a part of their management policy to garner maximum output from its employees and grow collectively as a team. As the wheels of time have progressed and the business world has grown into an extremely challenging field, these management styles have become significant in imparting stability and good governance to private firms. Basically, it is not necessary that every management style suits every firm. The fact is that a management style followed in one company may fail in the other company. Every management style is unique and some people may respond positively to a management style whereas some may not perform effectively for the same management style.

3. What is Leadership? Leadership: Ability to influence people
Leaders use their power to guide other people’s behavior
An effective leader must:
Have VISION for the future
Develop STRAGEGIES for achieving that vision
MOTIVATE employees to implement the strategies
Develop a LEADERSHIP Style

4. Framework for Classifying Leadership Studies
Universal Approach – assumes there is one way to lead, regardless of the circumstances
Contingent Approach – assumes that the best approach to leadership depends on the situation
Traits – characteristics the leader possesses
Behaviors – what the leader does

5. Trait Theory Trait Theory: Excellent Leaders possess:
Personality Traits – originality, persistence, and enthusiasm
Social Traits – tact, patience, and sympathy
Physical Characteristics – height and weight
Excellent Leaders possess:
Loyalty
Courage
Stamina
Empathy
Decisiveness
Based on Research

6. Trait Theory Excellent Leaders possess:
Timing
Competitiveness
Self-Confidence
Accountability
Charisma
Theory not useful in identifying how EFFECTIVE leadership is in the workplace
Based on Research

7. Styles of Leadership Autocratic Leadership Do not listen to others
Make all decisions
Little trust in people they work with
Unlikely to acknowledge subordinate's work or achievements
Performance and productivity likely to decline when leader is away from work site
Different Types of Management Styles Some of the popular management styles that have been studied in depth by scholars and business students are the theories given by Taylor, Fayol, Weber, Mayo, Maslow, Schein and Drucker. All these theories have been based on the experiences of these scholars who have researched and come up with their theories. What are types of management styles? Well, let's look at some of the main types of management styles. Authoritarian Management Style One of the common types of management styles is the authoritarian management style, in which a manager at the top governs and decides all the management policies. In this style of management, the manager expects the employees to perform tasks as they have been outlined by the boss and senior managers. In this style of management, the employees know what to do, how to do and when to do. Democratic Management Style The managers who follow the democratic style of management focus on giving flexibility to the employees so that the team can together evolve as one unit. By involving the team members in taking decisions and delegating tasks, the managers give the employee a sense of ownership and so that every employee feels as one family. In this style, team building skills, social harmony and cooperation are aimed to achieve a target. Paternalistic Management Style Pater in Latin stands for 'father' and the paternalistic style of managers try to act as a father figure to the employees, thereby ensuring that all employees 'feel happy and bonded' while working in the company. Managers at the top will listen to the employee and at times ask for feedback and opinions while taking any decision. The social need of recognition of the employee is taken care of, in this style of management. This style matches with the theory of social needs by Maslow.

8. Styles of Leadership Laissez-Faire Leadership Hands off Leader
Choose not to lead
Lack confidence in leadership abilities
Allow others in group to make the decision
Fail to set goals for group and provide no real leadership
Usually negative
Productivity usually low
Completed work is usually sloppy
Individuals have little motivation to succeed, lack enthusiasm, and avoid team work
Different Types of Management Styles Some of the popular management styles that have been studied in depth by scholars and business students are the theories given by Taylor, Fayol, Weber, Mayo, Maslow, Schein and Drucker. All these theories have been based on the experiences of these scholars who have researched and come up with their theories. What are types of management styles? Well, let's look at some of the main types of management styles. Authoritarian Management Style One of the common types of management styles is the authoritarian management style, in which a manager at the top governs and decides all the management policies. In this style of management, the manager expects the employees to perform tasks as they have been outlined by the boss and senior managers. In this style of management, the employees know what to do, how to do and when to do. Democratic Management Style The managers who follow the democratic style of management focus on giving flexibility to the employees so that the team can together evolve as one unit. By involving the team members in taking decisions and delegating tasks, the managers give the employee a sense of ownership and so that every employee feels as one family. In this style, team building skills, social harmony and cooperation are aimed to achieve a target. Paternalistic Management Style Pater in Latin stands for 'father' and the paternalistic style of managers try to act as a father figure to the employees, thereby ensuring that all employees 'feel happy and bonded' while working in the company. Managers at the top will listen to the employee and at times ask for feedback and opinions while taking any decision. The social need of recognition of the employee is taken care of, in this style of management. This style matches with the theory of social needs by Maslow.

9. Styles of Leadership Democratic Leadership
Often the best kind of leaders
Listens to other people’s opinions
Encourages the exchange of ideas
Develops s feeling of responsibility among group members
Explain the reasoning behind the decisions being made
Results in high productivity
Strong morale
Good team work
Different Types of Management Styles Some of the popular management styles that have been studied in depth by scholars and business students are the theories given by Taylor, Fayol, Weber, Mayo, Maslow, Schein and Drucker. All these theories have been based on the experiences of these scholars who have researched and come up with their theories. What are types of management styles? Well, let's look at some of the main types of management styles. Authoritarian Management Style One of the common types of management styles is the authoritarian management style, in which a manager at the top governs and decides all the management policies. In this style of management, the manager expects the employees to perform tasks as they have been outlined by the boss and senior managers. In this style of management, the employees know what to do, how to do and when to do. Democratic Management Style The managers who follow the democratic style of management focus on giving flexibility to the employees so that the team can together evolve as one unit. By involving the team members in taking decisions and delegating tasks, the managers give the employee a sense of ownership and so that every employee feels as one family. In this style, team building skills, social harmony and cooperation are aimed to achieve a target. Paternalistic Management Style Pater in Latin stands for 'father' and the paternalistic style of managers try to act as a father figure to the employees, thereby ensuring that all employees 'feel happy and bonded' while working in the company. Managers at the top will listen to the employee and at times ask for feedback and opinions while taking any decision. The social need of recognition of the employee is taken care of, in this style of management. This style matches with the theory of social needs by Maslow.

10. Styles of Leadership Paternalistic Leadership
Leader acts like a father figure to the employees
Explains most decisions to the employees
Ensures social and leisure needs are met
Balance out the lack of worker motivation caused by a autocratic leader
Encourages loyalty from employees
Lower turnover rates
Employees are dependent on the leader
[edit] Paternalistic
A more Paternalistic form is also essentially dictatorial; however, decisions take into account the best interests of the employees as well as the business. A good example of this would be David Brent or Michael Scott running the business in the fictional television show The Office. The leader explains most decisions to the employees and ensures that their social and leisure needs are always met. This can help balance out the lack of worker motivation caused by an autocratic management style. Communication is again generally downward, but feedback to the management is encouraged to maintain morale. This style can be highly advantageous when it engenders loyalty from the employees, leading to a lower labour turnover, thanks to the emphasis on social needs. It shares disadvantages with an autocratic style, such as employees becoming dependent on the leader..

11. Fiedler’s Contingency Studies of Leadership
Study performed by Fred Fiedler to determine effectiveness of leadership styles
Contingency approach – approaching different leadership styles to specific to particular situations
Task-motivated leaders – gain satisfaction from the performance of a task
Relationship-motivated leaders – gain satisfaction from interpersonal relationships

12. Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
Addresses the relationship between a leader’s behavior and subordinates’ performance and job satisfaction
Leader behavior affects employees’ perception of work environment
Categorizes leaders into 4 basic types
Role Classification Leaders
Supportive Leaders
Participative Leaders
Autocratic Leaders

13. Role Classification Leaders
Let group members know what is expected of them
Establishes the methods to use to get job done
Coordinates work within group
Maintains standard of performance
Helps employees be engaged in unstructured tasks

14. Supportive Leaders Create pleasant work environments Approachable
Satisfying for those working on highly structured tasks, friendliness can lighten an oppressive task

15. Participative Leaders
Consult with subordinates in the decision making process
Discussions improve the performance of employees working on ambiguous tasks
As a group, decisions are made

16. Autocratic Leaders
Issue orders that subordinates are not expected to questions
Leadership style hurts job performance
Leadership style hurts job satisfaction

17. Developing Good Leadership Skills
Plan
Detail Plans to meet goals
Become a Teacher
Help employees learn good problem solving skills
Delegate
Delegate responsibility
Surround yourself with employees you can trust to get the job done
Encourage Independent Thinking
Encourage employees to come up with solutions to their problems
Think it through

18. Developing Good Leadership Skills
Build a Team
Encourage others to contribute
Be the Captain!
Set an Example
Treat others how you want to be treated
Treat others with respect
Listen to other points of view
Meet deadlines
Share Credit with Subordinates
Share credit when things go right
Accept responsibility when things go bad.