1. Start... 1

2. Aerospace Technology Mr. Huebsch
Aviation Theory
Aerospace Technology
Mr. Huebsch 2

3. Summary Slide 1.0 History 2.0 Varieties of Aircrafts
3.0 Parts of an Airplane
4.0 How do airplanes fly?
5.0 Flight Controls

4. 1.0 History Leonardo da Vinci Montgolfier’s Sir George Cayley
William Henson
Felix Du Temple
Alphonse Penaud
Entienne-Jules
Otto Lilienthal
Wright Brothers 4

5. Leonardo da Vinci
Late 1400’s – Drew designs for a variety of flying machines.
Ornithopter – Elongated – legs out in front
Helicopter

6. Montgolfier Brothers 1st successful man-carrying free flight
Paris 1783
The balloon traveled 5 miles in 25 minutes

7. Sir George Cayley 1800 - England
Discovered principles that form the foundation for modern aeronautics
Fixed winged glider – deals with lift, thrust, and drag
Expressed the importance of control surfaces & stabilizers

8. Aerial Steam Carriage (never built)
William Samuel Henson
1845 he published a design for a monoplane
His designs and test models led to today's powered planes
Aerial Steam Carriage (never built)

9. Felix Du Temple 1857 – Built a plane that rose with its own power
Swept forward wing & tail / landing gear

10. Alphonse Penaud 1870 – experimented with model planes and rubber bands
Designs brought about a vertical rudder

11. Entienne-Jules Marey Late 1800’s Studied Air flow
Studies led to airfoil design

12. Otto Lilienthal 1891 built and flew the 1st successful glider
1st hanglider

13. Wilber and Orville Wright
-1900 made a glider
-Tests at kitty hawk
-World’s 1st powered, sustained, and controlled flight (1903)
-Flyer III -could fly for ½ hour

14. 2.0 Varieties of Aircrafts
Lighter than air 1,2,3
Gliders
Rotocrafts
Airplanes 5

15. Lighter than air Balloons 1st aircraft to break mans bond to the earth
Once used hydrogen for lifting power - now hot air is used
Principally used for sport

16. Lighter than air Each type of airship has motors that enable direction
Blimp - gas envelope
Zeppelin- frame work

17. Gliders Most prominent today is the high-performance sailplane
High Aerodynamics
Allows pilots to show off skills and knowledge of air currents to achieve great altitudes and long duration flights 9

18. Rotocrafts Gyroplanes Helicopters
Attain thrust with a pusher-type propeller
Lift is attained from a free-wheeling rotor
Helicopters
Rotor is powered in order to achieve lift
Thrust is attained by changing the angle of the rotor 10

19. Airplanes
Most important aircraft in terms of it’s numbers, economic contributions, and sociological impact
Airplanes are classified by characteristics
intended use
number of engines
type of landing gear
location and configuration of wings

20. 3.0 Parts of an Airplane Wings 1,2 Fuselage or body Empennage
Landing Gear
Power Plant 11

21. Wings Monoplanes Straight Dihedral Tip Dihedral Biplanes Polyhedral
Dihedral is the angle at which the wings are inclined upwards when the plane is viewed head on.
Polyhedral 12

22. Wing parts 13

23. Fuselage or body
Attachment point for the wing, tail assembly, power plant, and landing gear
Houses controls and instruments
Space for crew and passengers
Construction
Truss - steel tubing framework
Semi Monocoque - strength comes from skin 14

24. Empennage 15

25. Landing Gear 16

26. Power Plant Engine Propeller combo
Jet propulsion - engine is its own power plant 17

27. 4.0 How do Airplanes Fly? Bernoulli’s Principle Lift Thrust Drag
Gravity 20

28. Bernoulli’s Principle
Definition: Relationship between pressure, fluid flow velocity, and the potential energy of fluids
Daniel Bernoulli ( )
-As velocity of a fluid increases the pressure decreases
-As the velocity of a fluid decreases the pressure in the fluid increases
Venturi Tube
1,000 Molecules 1” per sec. 1/2 dia. 2x as fast
Fast=Low pressure
Slow=high pressure
Slow=high pressure 21

29. Lift 22

30. Thrust
The pulling power of the propeller and the strength of the motor 23

31. Drag Displacement of the air by the plane itself
Friction of the plane’s surface against the air 25

32. Gravity
The earth’s gravitational pull

33. 5.0 Flight Controls Axis of Rotation Airfoils Ailerons Elevators
Rudder

34. Axis of Rotation

35. Airfoils This is a good time to hand out laminar air flow sheet
Low camber - low drag, high speed-used for race planes and fighters
Deep camber - high lift low speed - used for transports and bombers
Under cambered - high lift low speed - same as deep cambered just thinner
Under cambered with reflex trailing edge - low lift, high drag, good stability
Symmetrical - cambered top and bottom - good stability

36. Ailerons

37. Elevators

38. Rudder

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