1. Radio Communications Refresher
Techniques and procedures for communicating with aircraft radios

2. Comm Plan FAR/AIM Basics Read Back Notional Fire Patrol Mission
CRM Techniques
References

3. Procedure vs. Technique
Controllers are required to “Ensure pilots acknowledge all Air Traffic Clearances and ATC Instructions” and ensure they are correct, readback hold short and LAHSO instructions, and that pilots use their call sign
JO W, 10 Dec 15, para 2−4−3 (ATC reg)
FAR 91, General Operating and Flight Rules… tells us WHEN we must have a radio and contact, but not WHAT to say
There is actually little in the FAR (i.e. regulation) regarding comms
AIM-(Preamble) “This publication, while not regulatory, provides information which reflects examples of operating techniques and procedures which may be requirements in other federal publications or regulations. It is made available solely to assist pilots in executing their responsibilities required by other publications.”

4. aIM = Techniques and best practices
b. ATC Clearance/Instruction Readback.
Pilots of airborne aircraft should read back those parts of  ATC  clearances  and  instructions containing altitude assignments, vectors, or runway assignments as a means of mutual verification. The read back of the “numbers” serves as a double check between pilots and controllers and reduces the kinds of communications errors that occur when a number is either “misheard” or is incorrect.
1. Include the aircraft identification in all readbacks and acknowledgments. This aids controllers in determining that the correct aircraft received the clearance or instruction. The requirement to include aircraft identification in all readbacks and acknowledgements becomes more important as frequency congestion increases and when aircraft with similar call signs are on the same frequency.
EXAMPLE
−“Climbing to Flight Level three three zero, United Twelve”or “November Five Charlie Tango, roger, cleared to land runway nine left.”
2. Read back altitudes, altitude restrictions, and vectors in the same sequence
as they are given in the clearance or instruction.
3. Altitudes contained in charted procedures, such as DPs, instrument
approaches, etc., should not be read back unless they are specifically stated
by the controller.
Initial read back of a taxi, departure or landing clearance should include 
the runway assignment, including left, right, center, etc. if applicable.
c. It is the responsibility of the pilot to accept or refuse the clearance issued.
AIM 4-4-7

6. Sound cool!!!…max info, min words
#1 Radio Priority
Sound cool!!!…max info, min words
Before keying the mic
Listen…Think…PTT
PTT does not mean
Push to Think!!
5 basic elements
Who you’re calling
Who you are
Where you are
What you’re doing
What you want
AIM 4-2-3
Aircraft call sign
When to abbreviate
Brevity
Affirmative (Affirm) = Yes
Correction = Oops, I meant to say…
Disregard = forget my last transmission
Negative = No
Roger = I have received your last transmission – Does not mean Yes/No
Say Again/Read Back = Please repeat your last transmission
Understand… = Confirm I heard this correctly
Wilco = I will comply

7. The Phonetic Alphabet and numbers
Brevity, Clarity, Standards

8. Figures (Numbers)
Aviation communications for figures or numbers uses hundreds and thousands in round numbers for ceiling heights.
"five hundred"
4,500 "four thousand five hundred"
10,000 "one zero thousand"
13,500 "one three thousand five hundred"
V12 "Victor twelve"
10 "one zero"
"one two two point one"
Note: ICAO procedures require the decimal point be spoken as "decimal," and the FAA will honor such usage by military aircraft and all other aircraft required to use ICAO Procedures.
Directions
The three digits of bearing, course, heading or wind direction should always be magnetic. The word "true" must be added when it applies. For example:
(magnetic course) "zero zero five"
(true course) "zero five zero true"
Speeds
The separate digits of the speed followed by the word "KNOTS." Controllers may omit the word "KNOTS" when using speed adjustment procedures, e.g., " reduce/increase speed to two five zero" For example:
(speed) "one niner zero knots"
Time
Aviation uses Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), now called Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) or "Zulu," (Z) for all operations. To convert from Standard Time to Zulu:
The hour is indicated by the first two figures and the minutes by the last two figures of the time description. For example:
zero zero zero zero
zero niner two zero FAA pamphlet P

9. Pensacola Regional Ground Operations
“Pensacola Clearance Delivery, CAPXXX, Information A,
Fire Patrol North, 3,500, VFR”
Read back the clearance in the same order it was given
“Pensacola Ground, CAPXXX, at PAC request taxi to the run-up”
Read back all taxi instructions especially crossing and hold short instructions
“Pensacola Ground, CAPXXX request taxi to the active”
“Pensacola Tower, CAPXXX, intersection X, ready for DEPARTURE” (AIM4-3-10)
AFTER LANDING
“Pensacola Ground, CAPXXX off at X, taxi to PAC”
“PAC, CAPXXX, request fuel truck at C25”

10. Air Operations “Pensacola Departure, CAPXXX passing X for Y”
Read back all headings, altitudes, altimeters, frequency changes
(Leaving/Passing/Level)
Frequency Changes
First, readback the new frequency to the old controller
“Eglin Approach, CAPXXX, level 3,500”
“CAPXXX looking for traffic…CAPXXX traffic in sight”
Approach Request
“Pensacola Approach, CAPXXX, 3,500, Information A, request” (think “AIR”)
“CAPXXX request vectors, RNAV18, full stop” (think who, what, next)
“Pensacola Tower, CAPXXX, 8 DME, full stop”

11. CRM Techniques Craniums up!!
Try to never have both crew members heads down in the GPS
Verbalize “I’m heads down” to indicate to the other to be outside
Positive Handoff and Receipt of duties
“Your Airplane”, “My Airplane”
“Your Comm1, My Comm2”, “My Comm 1, Your Comm2”
Altitude advisories
1000’ above or below an assigned altitude
100’ above minimums
Minimums/Decision Height/Missed Approach Point

12. Questions/Discussion
References
FAR/AIM
Basics
Read Back
Notional Fire Patrol Mission
CRM Techniques
References
FAR/AIM 2016
FAA Radio Communications Phraseology and Techniques P
FAA RUNWAY SAFETY, A Best practices Guide to Operations and Communications
FAA pamphlet P
JO W
Questions/Discussion