1. Sudden illness
Chapter 5

2. What to look for Changes in level of consciousness Breathing problems
Signals of possible heart attack
Signals of Stroke
Loss of vision or blurred vision
Signals of shock
Sweating
Persistent abdominal pain or pressure
Nausea or vomiting
Diarrhea
Seizures
Look around the area for clues that might tell you what is wrong with the person.
If a person becomes ill and tries to take medication, the medication may be a clue as to what is wrong.

3. When to call 9-1-1 Severe burns
Vomiting blood
Suspected poisoning
Seizures
Stroke
Suspected or obvious injuries to the head, neck or spine
Painful, swollen, deformed areas or open fracture
Unconsciousness or altered level of consciousness
Breathing problems
No breathing
Chest pain or discomfort
Persistent abdominal pain or pressure
Severe external bleeding

4. What to do until help arrives
Do no further harm
Check the scene for safety and then check the person
First care for life-threatening conditions
Help the person to rest comfortably
Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated
Reassure the person
Watch for changes in consciousness and breathing
If victim is conscious, ask the person questions
Do not give the person anything to eat or drink, unless they are fully conscious or able to swallow without showing signs of stroke
If person is vomiting and unconscious, place in recovery position
If you know the person is having a severe allergic reaction or diabetic emergency, help the person administrate their medication

5. Fainting A temporary loss of consciousness
Insufficient supply of blood to the brain for a short period of time
Condition results from a widening of the blood vessels in the blood causing the blood to drain away from the brain to the rest of the body.
Usually not harmful and person recovers quickly but could be a sign of a serious condition

6. Seizures
When the normal functions of the brain are disrupted by injury, disease, fever, infection, metabolic disturbances or conditions causing a decreased oxygen level.
Result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain and causes temporary, involuntary changes in body movement, function, sensation, awareness or behavior.
Epilepsy: Chronic seizure condition that can be controlled by medication
Febrile Seizures: Young children under 5 and infants may be at risk when they have rapid increase of body temperature caused by infections of the ear, throat or digestive system.

7. Signs of Seizures Blank stare Uncontrolled muscular contractions
Jerking of head and limbs
Loss of bladder control
Confusion
Drowsiness
Crying out
Holding breath
Upward rolling of the eyes

8. When to call 9-1-1 Seizure last more than 5 minutes
Multiple seizures occur
Person does not come back to full consciousness after seizure
Person is pregnant
Cause of seizure is unknown
Person is diabetic
Person is a young child or infant
Seizure takes place in water
Person first seizure
Person is elderly and could also have suffered a stroke

9. stroke
3rd leading killer and leading cause of long-term disability in the United States.
Called a brain attack when blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off or when there is bleeding into the brain.
Stroke causes permanent brain damage, but sometimes the damage can be stopped or reversed.
Blockages can be caused by blood clots or slow damages to the arteries over time by diseases such as high blood pressure or diabetes.
Mini stroke: When a person has the signals of a stroke but then it goes away. Likely to then have a higher risk stroke within the next 2 days.

11. Risk Factors
High Blood Pressure
Diabetes
Cigarette Smoking
Diet

12. Think F-A-S-T Face: Weakness, numbness, or
drooping on one side of the face.
Ask the person to smile.
Arm: Weakness or numbness in one arm.
Ask the person to raise both arms.
Speech: Slurred speech or difficulty speaking.
Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence.
Time: Try to determine when the signals began.
Call immediately with signs of stroke.

13. Diabetic emergencies
7.8% (23.6 million) of the United States have diabetes.
5 million are unaware that they have the disease.
Diabetes: The inability of the body to change sugar (glucose) from food into energy that is regulated by insulin (hormone produced in the pancreas).
Type I: Body produces little or no insulin. Insulin dependent .
Type II: Most common type. The body makes insulin but not enough to meet the body’s needs or the body becomes resistant to the insulin produced.

16. Warning signs of diabetes
Type I:
Frequent urination
Increased hunger and thirst
Unexpected weight loss
Irritability
Weakness and fatigue
Type II:
Any signals of Type I
Frequent infections, especially involved the skin, gums and bladder
Blurred vision
Numbness in the legs, feet and finger
Cuts or bruises that are slow to heal
Itching

17. Diabetic emergencies
Hyperglycemia: Not enough insulin or the person is reacting adversely to a large meal or meal that is high in carbohydrates.
Hypoglycemia: Too much insulin, eaten too little food, or overexerted. Extremely low blood sugar levels can quickly become life threatening.

18. What to look for and what to do
Administrate form of sugar if person is conscious and able to swallow.
Inject medication if person has it with them.
Changes in the level of consciousness
Changes in mood
Rapid breathing and pulse
Feeling and looking ill
Dizziness and headache
Confusion

19. Allergic reactions
Caused by over activity of the immune system against specific antigens (foreign substances)
Bee or insect venom
Antibiotics
Pollen
Animal dander
Latex
Sufla drug
Foods (Tree nuts, peanuts, shellfish and dairy products)

20. What to look for
Anaphylaxis: Happens within minutes and shows the following signs:
Hives
Itching
Rash
Weakness
Stomach cramps
Vomiting
Dizziness
Trouble breathing

21. What to do until help arrives
Monitor the person’s breathing
Give care for life-threatening emergencies
Check a conscious person to determine:
The substance involved
The route of the exposure
The effects of the exposure
Assist the person with using an epinephrine auto-injector (Epi Pen)
Assist the person with taking an antihistamine(blocks the chemical that is effecting the body